沈阳北陵导游词（精选19篇）

沈阳北陵导游词（精选19篇）

清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的陵墓，占地面积16万平方米，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳(盛京)古城北约十华里，因此也称“北陵”，是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。

风景名胜清昭陵古松参天，草木葱茏，湖水荡漾，楼殿威严，金瓦夺目，充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。陵园后部的主体建筑由方城、月牙城和宝城组成。方城为城堡式，南墙正中辟券门，名隆恩门，上建三重檐黄琉璃瓦歇山顶门楼。城四角建有角楼，均为重檐十字脊，黄琉璃瓦顶。

清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的陵墓，占地面积16万平方米，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳(盛京)古城北约十华里，因此也称“北陵”，是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。园内古松参天，草木葱茏，湖水荡漾，楼殿威严，金瓦夺目，充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。昭陵除了葬有帝后外，还葬有关睢宫宸妃、麟趾宫贵妃、洐庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽，是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵，是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。

北陵又称清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博乐济吉特氏的陵墓，占地面积 16万平方米，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳(盛京)古城北约十华里，因此也称“北陵”，是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。园内古松参天，草木葱茏，湖水荡漾，楼殿威严，金瓦夺目，充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。昭陵除了葬有帝后外，还葬有关睢宫宸妃、麟趾宫贵妃、洐庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽，是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵，是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。

昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年)，至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成，后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成，其主体建筑都建在中轴线上，两侧对称排列，系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。

昭陵全陵占地18万平方米，共分三大部分。由南至北依次为：前部，从下马碑到正红门，包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅;中部，从正红门到方城，包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房;后部，是方城、月牙城和宝城，这是陵寝的主体。

方城正门称为隆恩门，上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门，券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝城，在宝城中心，上为宝顶，下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山，登山俯视，陵园风光可尽收眼底。

昭陵前部在缭墙外，参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等，而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑，系青石建成，四柱三层，雕刻得玲珑剔透，精美无双，为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼，即可至正红门，这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门，层楼高耸，十分庄严，而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁，因造形生动，更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁，有华表、石兽和大望柱，它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真，栩栩若生，据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马，即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对，为颂扬墓主而建，里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。

出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门，与碑亭相对。方城为后部，它建造得如同城池一般，位于缭墙，仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心，前有隆恩门，后有明楼，左右有配殿，四隅有角楼，犹如众星拱月一般，故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗岩台阶为底座，以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶，再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙，故又显得异常华丽。隆恩殿后经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。

民国十六年五月(1920xx年)，以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”，如今占地面积332万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心，分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态，五彩缤纷，其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园，总面积4万平方米，种植了近 200种植物，四季分呈，各具特色。初春樱花盛开，满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放，柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶，层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹，苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林，春有花，夏有阴，秋有果，冬有青，奇花异石，小桥流水，颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合，用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体，构成了一幅天然画卷，吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面，夏天碧波荡漾，柳岸成荫，乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩，泛舟湖上，别有一番情趣。现在北陵公园已是闻名中外的旅游景区。现为国家重点文物保护单位。

参观罢隆恩殿，经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。

昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵，松龄达三百多年，摇曳挺拔，参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观，其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。

沈阳昭陵古老的历史、神秘的皇陵、千姿百态的自然景观，成为数以万计的中外游客为之心旷神怡、流连忘返的浏览胜地，亦成为世界各国人民了解中国、了解沈阳的窗口.

清昭陵现为国家重点文物保护单位，并于20xx年7月1日与沈阳故宫、沈阳福陵和抚顺永陵，经第28届世界遗产委员会会议表决通过，正式列入世界遗产名录。

昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年)至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成，后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成，其主体建筑都建在中轴线上，两侧对称排列，系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。

昭陵全陵占地18万平方米，共分三大部分。由南至北依次为：前部，从下马碑到正红门，包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅。;中部，从正红门到方城，包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房。;后部，是方城、月牙城和宝城，这是陵寝的主体。

方城正门称为隆恩门，上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门，券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝清昭陵城，在宝城中心，上为宝顶，下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山，登山俯视，陵园风光可尽收眼底。

游昭陵时，先游前部。前部在缭墙外，参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等，而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑，系青石建成，四柱三层，雕刻得玲珑剔透，精美无双，为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼，即可至正红门，这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门，层楼高耸，十分庄严，而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁，因造形生动，更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁，有华表、石兽和大望柱，它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真，栩栩若生，据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马，即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对，为颂扬墓主而建，里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。

出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门，与碑亭相对。方城为后部，它建造得如同城池一般，位于缭墙，仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心，前有隆恩门，后有明楼，左右有配殿，四隅有角楼，犹如众星拱月一般，故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗清昭陵岩台阶为底座，以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶，再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙，故又显得异常华丽。

参观罢隆恩殿，经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。

昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵，松龄达三百多年，摇曳挺拔，参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观，其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。

民国十六年五月(1920xx年)，以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”，如今占地面积330万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心，分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态，五彩缤纷，其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园，总面积4万平方米，种植了近200种植物，四季分呈，各具特色。初春樱花盛开，满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放，柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶，层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹，苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林，春有花，夏有阴，秋有果，冬有青，奇花异石，小桥流水，颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合，用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体，构成了一幅天然画卷，吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面，夏天碧波荡漾，柳岸成荫，乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩，泛舟湖上，别有一番情趣。

北陵又称清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博乐济吉特氏的陵墓，占地面积 16万平方米，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳(盛京)古城北约十华里，因此也称“北陵”，是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。园内古松参天，草木葱茏，湖水荡漾，楼殿威严，金瓦夺目，充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。昭陵除了葬有帝后外，还葬有关睢宫宸妃、麟趾宫贵妃、洐庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽，是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵，是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。

昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年)，至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成，后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成，其主体建筑都建在中轴线上，两侧对称排列，系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。

昭陵全陵占地18万平方米，共分三大部分。由南至北依次为：前部，从下马碑到正红门，包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅;中部，从正红门到方城，包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房;后部，是方城、月牙城和宝城，这是陵寝的主体。

方城正门称为隆恩门，上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门，券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝城，在宝城中心，上为宝顶，下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山，登山俯视，陵园风光可尽收眼底。

昭陵前部在缭墙外，参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等，而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑，系青石建成，四柱三层，雕刻得玲珑剔透，精美无双，为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼，即可至正红门，这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门，层楼高耸，十分庄严，而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁，因造形生动，更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁，有华表、石兽和大望柱，它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真，栩栩若生，据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马，即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对，为颂扬墓主而建，里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。

出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门，与碑亭相对。方城为后部，它建造得如同城池一般，位于缭墙，仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心，前有隆恩门，后有明楼，左右有配殿，四隅有角楼，犹如众星拱月一般，故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗岩台阶为底座，以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶，再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙，故又显得异常华丽。隆恩殿后经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。

民国十六年五月(1927年)，以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”，如今占地面积332万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心，分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态，五彩缤纷，其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园，总面积4万平方米，种植了近 200种植物，四季分呈，各具特色。初春樱花盛开，满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放，柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶，层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹，苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林，春有花，夏有阴，秋有果，冬有青，奇花异石，小桥流水，颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合，用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体，构成了一幅天然画卷，吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面，夏天碧波荡漾，柳岸成荫，乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩，泛舟湖上，别有一番情趣。现在北陵公园已是闻名中外的旅游景区。现为国家重点文物保护单位。

参观罢隆恩殿，经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。

昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵，松龄达三百多年，摇曳挺拔，参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观，其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。

沈阳昭陵古老的历史、神秘的皇陵、千姿百态的自然景观，成为数以万计的中外游客为之心旷神怡、流连忘返的浏览胜地，亦成为世界各国人民了解中国、了解沈阳的窗口.

清昭陵现为国家重点文物保护单位，并于20__年7月1日与沈阳故宫、沈阳福陵和抚顺永陵，经第28届世界遗产委员会会议表决通过，正式列入世界遗产名录。

昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年)至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成，后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成，其主体建筑都建在中轴线上，两侧对称排列，系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。

昭陵全陵占地18万平方米，共分三大部分。由南至北依次为：前部，从下马碑到正红门，包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅。;中部，从正红门到方城，包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房。;后部，是方城、月牙城和宝城，这是陵寝的主体。

方城正门称为隆恩门，上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门，券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝清昭陵城，在宝城中心，上为宝顶，下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山，登山俯视，陵园风光可尽收眼底。

游昭陵时，先游前部。前部在缭墙外，参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等，而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑，系青石建成，四柱三层，雕刻得玲珑剔透，精美无双，为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼，即可至正红门，这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门，层楼高耸，十分庄严，而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁，因造形生动，更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁，有华表、石兽和大望柱，它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真，栩栩若生，据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马，即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对，为颂扬墓主而建，里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。

出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门，与碑亭相对。方城为后部，它建造得如同城池一般，位于缭墙，仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心，前有隆恩门，后有明楼，左右有配殿，四隅有角楼，犹如众星拱月一般，故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗清昭陵岩台阶为底座，以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶，再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙，故又显得异常华丽。

参观罢隆恩殿，经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。

昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵，松龄达三百多年，摇曳挺拔，参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观，其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。

民国十六年五月(1927年)，以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”，如今占地面积330万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心，分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态，五彩缤纷，其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园，总面积4万平方米，种植了近200种植物，四季分呈，各具特色。初春樱花盛开，满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放，柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶，层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹，苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林，春有花，夏有阴，秋有果，冬有青，奇花异石，小桥流水，颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合，用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体，构成了一幅天然画卷，吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面，夏天碧波荡漾，柳岸成荫，乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩，泛舟湖上，别有一番情趣。

Tourists friends:

Everybody is good! Zhaoling, because in the north suburb of shenyang city, also known as Zhao Mausoleum, so is the second generation of the qing dynasty emperor of the qing emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end wen queen bor is target's tomb, is the largest in the qing dynasty "commissioner of three ling", the most magnificent momentum is a, and I had one of the most complete existing ancient imperial mausoleum complex.

Huang taiji is the eighth son qing MAO nuerhachi, wing ling was born in fushun city of liaoning province XinBin now county town. He is in the history of the famous statesman, strategist, life and politics and war, in 17 years, completed the northeast reunification, establish the kanto unify the qing empire. Chong DE eight years, that is, the Gregorian calendar in 1643 on August 9th in the middle of the night, in the clear coagulation miya higashi house south of shenyang imperial palace "sitting dropped" kang, at age 52. After the death of catalpa coffin to the mausoleum of short duration. Shunzhi also six years on April 17, in 1649 AD, filial piety end wen queen bor dhi corp's four, in the second year of catalpa coffin moved to zhaoling and huang taiji buried together.

Zhaoling mausoleum built in chong DE eight years in 1643, completed in shunzhi eight years or 1651 years, after repeated after rebuilding and Labour market and the size of the form now. On the architectural style, zhaoling already learned the Ming tombs building strength, and has the characteristics of the mausoleum building, is a model of han &matrimonial blend. Zhaoling covers an area of 450000 square meters, plane layout and follow the principle of "bed" after the power, from south to north is made up of before, during and after the three parts, the main buildings are built on a central axis, on both sides of the architectural form of symmetrical distribution, central axis of the back is the main part of the entire construction. Now we are in the order from south to north to carry on the tour, the first is the first part.

The ancient tomb has its own name, the number of sources, or reflect on accomplishments and praise, the end of the emperor's life or the meaning of with auspicious and blessing.

In the qing dynasty emperor ling name generally by heir king James. Secondly, there is also a system in the qing dynasty, if meet with ling name and place name repeated clear zhaoling, place names must be change, this is called taboo. It is clear that DiWangLing name is extremely sacred.

Zhaoling mausoleum is one of the first year of shunzhi emperor taizong died on August 9th anniversary cremated when school palace. Zhaoling mausoleum of the origin of our predecessors have two different explanation, an explanation is imitated the zhaoling taizong account, another explained related to ancient zhao jose system. Put forward clear zhaoling imitation of zhao mausoleum is the qianlong emperor. When he in east tour shengjing martyrs zhaoling expressed this opinion. In fact, it is just the qianlong lines, zhaoling when name is qing peasant rebel army had just defeated li in Beijing, at this time of the Ming dynasty and li still has a strong power, whether it is difficult to clear, and it is hard to imagine the qing emperor taizong emperor taizong phase coordinate necessary. And so the qing emperor qianlong emperor taizong emperor taizong tied for is his political needs, its height was ruled by successive one as a model for the emperor, he in the twenty-third year of the reign honour worthy men of letters, coachable and listen, prosperous, known at the time to "dynasty", as the tang period, the height of the development of economy and culture laid a foundation. Qianlong equate the today face with its aim to comfort the world, qing jiangshan also can appear like han and tang dynasties, a generation of new millennium.

Second, speaking of zhaoling from zhao jose system is inaccurate. Zhao mu is the ancient patriarchal clan system, this system used in the order of the tomb and temple of 9 to fathers in the middle of the method, the arrangement of other various degress in ZuoZhao right jose order so on. Shengjing have three wing, fu, zhao mausoleum, one never play for ZuLing, the highest status, fu ling times, zhaoling rank third. If zhao mu system arrangement, yong ling should be in the middle, fu ling in the left (east), called zhao, zhao ling in its right is called the "mu". And current for zhao three ling, ling forever in the east, fu ling in the zhaoling mausoleum in the west, three tomb no zhao jose relationship at all.

Zhaoling name may be due to the choice of meaning ", "the word itself. The ancients to zhao word "clear" and "spreads" solution. Zhaoling mausoleum of emperor taizong weld is the meaning of martial arts are clear. And after spreads the meaning, to just so so.

北陵又称清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博乐济吉特氏的陵墓，占地面积 16万平方米，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳(盛京)古城北约十华里，因此也称“北陵”，是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。园内古松参天，草木葱茏，湖水荡漾，楼殿威严，金瓦夺目，充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。昭陵除了葬有帝后外，还葬有关睢宫宸妃、麟趾宫贵妃、洐庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽，是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵，是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。

昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年)，至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成，后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成，其主体建筑都建在中轴线上，两侧对称排列，系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。

昭陵全陵占地18万平方米，共分三大部分。由南至北依次为：前部，从下马碑到正红门，包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅;中部，从正红门到方城，包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房;后部，是方城、月牙城和宝城，这是陵寝的主体。

方城正门称为隆恩门，上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门，券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝城，在宝城中心，上为宝顶，下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山，登山俯视，陵园风光可尽收眼底。

昭陵前部在缭墙外，参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等，而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑，系青石建成，四柱三层，雕刻得玲珑剔透，精美无双，为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼，即可至正红门，这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门，层楼高耸，十分庄严，而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁，因造形生动，更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁，有华表、石兽和大望柱，它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真，栩栩若生，据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马，即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对，为颂扬墓主而建，里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。

出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门，与碑亭相对。方城为后部，它建造得如同城池一般，位于缭墙，仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心，前有隆恩门，后有明楼，左右有配殿，四隅有角楼，犹如众星拱月一般，故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗岩台阶为底座，以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶，再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙，故又显得异常华丽。隆恩殿后经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。

民国十六年五月(1920xx年)，以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”，如今占地面积332万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心，分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态，五彩缤纷，其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园，总面积4万平方米，种植了近 200种植物，四季分呈，各具特色。初春樱花盛开，满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放，柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶，层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹，苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林，春有花，夏有阴，秋有果，冬有青，奇花异石，小桥流水，颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合，用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体，构成了一幅天然画卷，吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面，夏天碧波荡漾，柳岸成荫，乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩，泛舟湖上，别有一番情趣。现在北陵公园已是闻名中外的旅游景区。现为国家重点文物保护单位。

参观罢隆恩殿，经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。

昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵，松龄达三百多年，摇曳挺拔，参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观，其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。

沈阳昭陵古老的历史、神秘的皇陵、千姿百态的自然景观，成为数以万计的中外游客为之心旷神怡、流连忘返的浏览胜地，亦成为世界各国人民了解中国、了解沈阳的窗口.

Zhao Mausoleum called clear zhaoling is the second generation of the founding emperor qing dynasty emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end wen queen bo le dhi corp's tomb, covers an area of 160000 square meters, is the largest "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty, imposing manner is the most magnificent one. Located in the ancient city of shenyang (shengjing) NATO ten li, so also known as "Zhao Mausoleum", is in the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern landscape architecture. Garden ancient pine trees towering, grass green, lake water ripples, and building the temple, watts, fully shows the royal tombs of the majestic, magnificent, and the modern garden of elegant and beautiful. Zhaoling besides buried with emperor after, also buried the have no opinion of GongChen princess, 'toe GongGuiFei, 洐 GongShuFei etc. A batch of empresses beauty, is the most representative in the mausoleum of the commissioner of the qing dynasty of the mausoleum of hadrian, is our country one of the most complete existing ancient imperial mausoleum building.

Zhaoling mausoleum was built in the qing chong DE eight years (in 1643), to shunzhi eight years (1651 years) basic completion of after reconstruction and Labour market and present it with many times the size of the now. Mausoleum building layout follow lay after the "power" of the catacombs principle from south to north by the before, during and after the three parts, the main buildings are built on the central axis, symmetrically arranged on both sides, is imitated from the tomb of the Ming dynasty and has the characteristics of the manchu mausoleum.

Zhaoling mausoleum all covers an area of 180000 square meters, is divided into three parts. From south to north in the order: the front, from the horse monuments to the red door, including huabiao, stone lions, stone memorial arch, change clothes, slaughter hall hall; Central, from red gate to mahjong layout, including huabiao, stone animal, monuments, buildings and buildings for sacrifice; Back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum.

Mahjong layout called long gate, main entrance on the gate house. Mahjong layout has four corners watchtower. Mahjong layout inside the long house, things peidian peidian, things dry fruit room and burn silks. Long behind the surface there are two columns and door, five for David and vouchers, coupons hole at the top is daming. After mahjong layout is the crescent city and city, in the city, to treasure top, for dungeons. Treasure mountain city is long behind industry, mountain climbing, cemetery landscape panoramic view.

Zhao LingQian in sheet wall, went on both sides of the pavilion have huabiao, shishi, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. Arch is the front of the main body construction, bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures. Swim alone arched, then to red gate, this is the beginning of the tour in central. Is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, because of the shape and vivid, more conspicuous. Is red and went up on both sides of the door, huabiao, stone and large column, they two relatively. Slash and solemn. The beast is the most admirable in "white" and "white". The two stone horse horse image lifelike, as if, in love ride two horses were alive as the prototype carve. Appreciate the stone horse ", then to the pavilion. Pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling alkaloids in SAN DE tablet".

The pavilion is to long. Long the door is mahjong layout is the south gate, as opposed to a pavilion. Mahjong layout for the back, as it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. To travel to swim long temple city first. Long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the Ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. Long temple carved granite steps as base, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, so it is extremely magnificent. Long stay behind after Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously.

Sixteen years of the republic of China (1927) in May, bi is "Zhao Mausoleum park" for the center with mausoleum, now covers an area of 3.32 million square meters. Centered on the overall planning of tomb, tomb, LingQian and ling after three parts. Campus beautiful natural scenery, colorful, aromatic show garden is the YuanZhongYuan Zhao Mausoleum park, a total area of 40000 square meters, planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. Early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; A new summer lotus, the willows; Late autumn full mountain red leaves, CengLinJinRan; Winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. Across the garden, spring flowers, summer has Yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone Bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan. Campus architecture and landscape clever union, with Chinese traditional garden architecture combines natural beauty and artificial beauty as a whole, constitute a natural landscape, attract a large number of tourists to visit. Zhao Mausoleum park has 300000 square meters of artificial lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat, the boat for sightseeing, boating on the lake, don't have a taste. Is now Zhao Mausoleum park is a world-famous tourist scenic spot. Now the national key cultural relics protection units.

Visit long temple ", after the Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously. Now zhaoling has warded Zhao Mausoleum park.

Another feature of zhaoling is boundless example in several groups. Existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. These green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.

Shenyang zhaoling ancient history, mysterious tomb, beautiful natural landscape, as tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign visitors find the scenery pleasing to both the eye and the mind, linger for browsing resort, also become the window of the people all over the world understand China, know about shenyang.

清昭陵现为国家重点文物保护单位，并于20__年7月1日与沈阳故宫、沈阳福陵和抚顺永陵，经第28届世界遗产委员会会议表决通过，正式列入世界遗产名录。

昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年)至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成，后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成，其主体建筑都建在中轴线上，两侧对称排列，系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。

昭陵全陵占地18万平方米，共分三大部分。由南至北依次为：前部，从下马碑到正红门，包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅。;中部，从正红门到方城，包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房。;后部，是方城、月牙城和宝城，这是陵寝的主体。

方城正门称为隆恩门，上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门，券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝清昭陵城，在宝城中心，上为宝顶，下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山，登山俯视，陵园风光可尽收眼底。

游昭陵时，先游前部。前部在缭墙外，参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等，而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑，系青石建成，四柱三层，雕刻得玲珑剔透，精美无双，为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼，即可至正红门，这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门，层楼高耸，十分庄严，而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁，因造形生动，更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁，有华表、石兽和大望柱，它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真，栩栩若生，据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马，即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对，为颂扬墓主而建，里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。

出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门，与碑亭相对。方城为后部，它建造得如同城池一般，位于缭墙，仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心，前有隆恩门，后有明楼，左右有配殿，四隅有角楼，犹如众星拱月一般，故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗清昭陵岩台阶为底座，以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶，再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙，故又显得异常华丽。

参观罢隆恩殿，经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。

昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵，松龄达三百多年，摇曳挺拔，参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观，其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。

民国十六年五月(1927年)，以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”，如今占地面积330万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心，分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态，五彩缤纷，其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园，总面积4万平方米，种植了近200种植物，四季分呈，各具特色。初春樱花盛开，满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放，柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶，层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹，苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林，春有花，夏有阴，秋有果，冬有青，奇花异石，小桥流水，颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合，用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体，构成了一幅天然画卷，吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面，夏天碧波荡漾，柳岸成荫，乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩，泛舟湖上，别有一番情趣。

Clear zhaoling now for the national key cultural relics protection unit, and on July 1, 20__ and the imperial palace in shenyang, shenyang fu mausoleum and fushun ling, after a vote by the 28th world heritage committee meeting, on the world heritage list.

Zhaoling mausoleum was built in the qing chong DE eight years (1643 years) to shunzhi eight years (1651 years) basic completion, after repeated after rebuilding and Labour market and the size of the present now. Mausoleum building layout follow lay after the "power" of the catacombs principle from south to north by the before, during and after the three parts, the main buildings are built on the central axis, symmetrically arranged on both sides, is imitated from the tomb of the Ming dynasty and has the characteristics of the manchu mausoleum.

Zhaoling mausoleum all covers an area of 180000 square meters, is divided into three parts. From south to north in the order: the front, from the horse monuments to the red door, including huabiao, stone lions, stone arches, change clothes, slaughter hall hall. ; The middle, from the red door to mahjong layout, including huabiao, stone animal, stone floor, and sacrifice to occupancy. ; Back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum.

Mahjong layout called long gate, main entrance on the gate house. Mahjong layout has four corners watchtower. Mahjong layout inside the long house, things peidian peidian, things dry fruit room and burn silks. Long behind the surface there are two columns and door, five for David and vouchers, coupons hole at the top is daming. After mahjong layout is the crescent city and baoqing zhaoling city, in the city, to treasure top, for dungeons. Treasure mountain city is long behind industry, mountain climbing, cemetery landscape panoramic view.

The front of zhaoling swim, swim first. Front sheet wall, went on both sides of the pavilion have huabiao, shishi, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. Arch is the front of the main body construction, bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures. Swim alone arched, then to red gate, this is the beginning of the tour in central. Is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, because of the shape and vivid, more conspicuous. Is red and went up on both sides of the door, huabiao, stone and large column, they two relatively. Slash and solemn. The beast is the most admirable in "white" and "white". The two stone horse horse image lifelike, as if, in love ride two horses were alive as the prototype carve. Appreciate the stone horse ", then to the pavilion. Pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling alkaloids in SAN DE tablet".

The pavilion is to long. Long the door is mahjong layout is the south gate, as opposed to a pavilion. Mahjong layout for the back, as it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. To travel to swim long temple city first. Long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the Ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. With beautifully carved granite qing long temple zhaoling is base rock steps, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, so it is extremely magnificent.

Visit long temple ", after the Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously. Now zhaoling has warded Zhao Mausoleum park.

Another feature of zhaoling is boundless example in several groups. Existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. These green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.

Sixteen years of the republic of China (1927) in May, bi is "Zhao Mausoleum park" for the center with mausoleum, now covers an area of 3.3 million square meters. Centered on the overall planning of tomb, tomb, LingQian and ling after three parts. Campus beautiful natural scenery, colorful, aromatic show garden is the YuanZhongYuan Zhao Mausoleum park, a total area of 40000 square meters, planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. Early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; A new summer lotus, the willows; Late autumn full mountain red leaves, CengLinJinRan; Winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. Across the garden, spring flowers, summer has Yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone Bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan. Campus architecture and landscape clever union, with Chinese traditional garden architecture combines natural beauty and artificial beauty as a whole, constitute a natural landscape, attract a large number of tourists to visit. Zhao Mausoleum park has 300000 square meters of artificial lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat, the boat for sightseeing, boating on the lake, don't have a taste.

北陵又称清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博乐济吉特氏的陵墓，占地面积 16万平方米，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳(盛京)古城北约十华里，因此也称“北陵”，是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。园内古松参天，草木葱茏，湖水荡漾，楼殿威严，金瓦夺目，充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。昭陵除了葬有帝后外，还葬有关睢宫宸妃、麟趾宫贵妃、洐庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽，是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵，是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。

昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年)，至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成，后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成，其主体建筑都建在中轴线上，两侧对称排列，系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。

昭陵全陵占地18万平方米，共分三大部分。由南至北依次为：前部，从下马碑到正红门，包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅;中部，从正红门到方城，包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房;后部，是方城、月牙城和宝城，这是陵寝的主体。

方城正门称为隆恩门，上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门，券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝城，在宝城中心，上为宝顶，下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山，登山俯视，陵园风光可尽收眼底。

昭陵前部在缭墙外，参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等，而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑，系青石建成，四柱三层，雕刻得玲珑剔透，精美无双，为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼，即可至正红门，这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门，层楼高耸，十分庄严，而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁，因造形生动，更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁，有华表、石兽和大望柱，它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真，栩栩若生，据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马，即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对，为颂扬墓主而建，里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。

出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门，与碑亭相对。方城为后部，它建造得如同城池一般，位于缭墙，仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心，前有隆恩门，后有明楼，左右有配殿，四隅有角楼，犹如众星拱月一般，故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗岩台阶为底座，以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶，再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙，故又显得异常华丽。隆恩殿后经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。

民国十六年五月(1927年)，以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”，如今占地面积332万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心，分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态，五彩缤纷，其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园，总面积4万平方米，种植了近 200种植物，四季分呈，各具特色。初春樱花盛开，满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放，柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶，层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹，苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林，春有花，夏有阴，秋有果，冬有青，奇花异石，小桥流水，颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合，用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体，构成了一幅天然画卷，吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面，夏天碧波荡漾，柳岸成荫，乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩，泛舟湖上，别有一番情趣。现在北陵公园已是闻名中外的旅游景区。现为国家重点文物保护单位。

参观罢隆恩殿，经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。

昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵，松龄达三百多年，摇曳挺拔，参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观，其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。

沈阳昭陵古老的历史、神秘的皇陵、千姿百态的自然景观，成为数以万计的中外游客为之心旷神怡、流连忘返的浏览胜地，亦成为世界各国人民了解中国、了解沈阳的窗口.

Zhao Mausoleum called clear zhaoling is the second generation of the founding emperor qing dynasty emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end wen queen bo le dhi corp's tomb, covers an area of 160000 square meters, is the largest "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty, imposing manner is the most magnificent one. Located in the ancient city of shenyang (shengjing) NATO ten li, so also known as "Zhao Mausoleum", is in the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern landscape architecture. Garden ancient pine trees towering, grass green, lake water ripples, and building the temple, watts, fully shows the royal tombs of the majestic, magnificent, and the modern garden of elegant and beautiful. Zhaoling besides buried with emperor after, also buried the have no opinion of GongChen princess, 'toe GongGuiFei, 洐 GongShuFei etc. A batch of empresses beauty, is the most representative in the mausoleum of the commissioner of the qing dynasty of the mausoleum of hadrian, is our country one of the most complete existing ancient imperial mausoleum building.

Zhaoling mausoleum was built in the qing chong DE eight years (in 1643), to shunzhi eight years (1651 years) basic completion of after reconstruction and Labour market and present it with many times the size of the now. Mausoleum building layout follow lay after the "power" of the catacombs principle from south to north by the before, during and after the three parts, the main buildings are built on the central axis, symmetrically arranged on both sides, is imitated from the tomb of the Ming dynasty and has the characteristics of the manchu mausoleum.

Zhaoling mausoleum all covers an area of 180000 square meters, is divided into three parts. From south to north in the order: the front, from the horse monuments to the red door, including huabiao, stone lions, stone memorial arch, change clothes, slaughter hall hall; Central, from red gate to mahjong layout, including huabiao, stone animal, monuments, buildings and buildings for sacrifice; Back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum.

Mahjong layout called long gate, main entrance on the gate house. Mahjong layout has four corners watchtower. Mahjong layout inside the long house, things peidian peidian, things dry fruit room and burn silks. Long behind the surface there are two columns and door, five for David and vouchers, coupons hole at the top is daming. After mahjong layout is the crescent city and city, in the city, to treasure top, for dungeons. Treasure mountain city is long behind industry, mountain climbing, cemetery landscape panoramic view.

Zhao LingQian in sheet wall, went on both sides of the pavilion have huabiao, shishi, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. Arch is the front of the main body construction, bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures. Swim alone arched, then to red gate, this is the beginning of the tour in central. Is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, because of the shape and vivid, more conspicuous. Is red and went up on both sides of the door, huabiao, stone and large column, they two relatively. Slash and solemn. The beast is the most admirable in "white" and "white". The two stone horse horse image lifelike, as if, in love ride two horses were alive as the prototype carve. Appreciate the stone horse ", then to the pavilion. Pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling alkaloids in SAN DE tablet".

The pavilion is to long. Long the door is mahjong layout is the south gate, as opposed to a pavilion. Mahjong layout for the back, as it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. To travel to swim long temple city first. Long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the Ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. Long temple carved granite steps as base, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, so it is extremely magnificent. Long stay behind after Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously.

Sixteen years of the republic of China (1927) in May, bi is "Zhao Mausoleum park" for the center with mausoleum, now covers an area of 3.32 million square meters. Centered on the overall planning of tomb, tomb, LingQian and ling after three parts. Campus beautiful natural scenery, colorful, aromatic show garden is the YuanZhongYuan Zhao Mausoleum park, a total area of 40000 square meters, planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. Early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; A new summer lotus, the willows; Late autumn full mountain red leaves, CengLinJinRan; Winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. Across the garden, spring flowers, summer has Yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone Bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan. Campus architecture and landscape clever union, with Chinese traditional garden architecture combines natural beauty and artificial beauty as a whole, constitute a natural landscape, attract a large number of tourists to visit. Zhao Mausoleum park has 300000 square meters of artificial lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat, the boat for sightseeing, boating on the lake, don't have a taste. Is now Zhao Mausoleum park is a world-famous tourist scenic spot. Now the national key cultural relics protection units.

Visit long temple ", after the Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously. Now zhaoling has warded Zhao Mausoleum park.

Another feature of zhaoling is boundless example in several groups. Existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. These green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.

Shenyang zhaoling ancient history, mysterious tomb, beautiful natural landscape, as tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign visitors find the scenery pleasing to both the eye and the mind, linger for browsing resort, also become the window of the people all over the world understand China, know about shenyang.

Clear zhaoling now for the national key cultural relics protection unit, and on July 1, 20xx and the imperial palace in shenyang, shenyang fu mausoleum and fushun ling, after a vote by the 28th world heritage committee meeting, on the world heritage list.

Zhaoling mausoleum was built in the qing chong DE eight years (1643 years) to shunzhi eight years (1651 years) basic completion, after repeated after rebuilding and Labour market and the size of the present now. Mausoleum building layout follow lay after the "power" of the catacombs principle from south to north by the before, during and after the three parts, the main buildings are built on the central axis, symmetrically arranged on both sides, is imitated from the tomb of the Ming dynasty and has the characteristics of the manchu mausoleum.

Zhaoling mausoleum all covers an area of 180000 square meters, is divided into three parts. From south to north in the order: the front, from the horse monuments to the red door, including huabiao, stone lions, stone arches, change clothes, slaughter hall hall. ; The middle, from the red door to mahjong layout, including huabiao, stone animal, stone floor, and sacrifice to occupancy. ; Back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum.

Mahjong layout called long gate, main entrance on the gate house. Mahjong layout has four corners watchtower. Mahjong layout inside the long house, things peidian peidian, things dry fruit room and burn silks. Long behind the surface there are two columns and door, five for David and vouchers, coupons hole at the top is daming. After mahjong layout is the crescent city and baoqing zhaoling city, in the city, to treasure top, for dungeons. Treasure mountain city is long behind industry, mountain climbing, cemetery landscape panoramic view.

The front of zhaoling swim, swim first. Front sheet wall, went on both sides of the pavilion have huabiao, shishi, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. Arch is the front of the main body construction, bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures. Swim alone arched, then to red gate, this is the beginning of the tour in central. Is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, because of the shape and vivid, more conspicuous. Is red and went up on both sides of the door, huabiao, stone and large column, they two relatively. Slash and solemn. The beast is the most admirable in "white" and "white". The two stone horse horse image lifelike, as if, in love ride two horses were alive as the prototype carve. Appreciate the stone horse ", then to the pavilion. Pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling alkaloids in SAN DE tablet".

The pavilion is to long. Long the door is mahjong layout is the south gate, as opposed to a pavilion. Mahjong layout for the back, as it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. To travel to swim long temple city first. Long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the Ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. With beautifully carved granite qing long temple zhaoling is base rock steps, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, so it is extremely magnificent.

Visit long temple ", after the Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously. Now zhaoling has warded Zhao Mausoleum park.

Another feature of zhaoling is boundless example in several groups. Existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. These green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.

Sixteen years of the republic of China (1927) in May, bi is "Zhao Mausoleum park" for the center with mausoleum, now covers an area of 3.3 million square meters. Centered on the overall planning of tomb, tomb, LingQian and ling after three parts. Campus beautiful natural scenery, colorful, aromatic show garden is the YuanZhongYuan Zhao Mausoleum park, a total area of 40000 square meters, planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. Early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; A new summer lotus, the willows; Late autumn full mountain red leaves, CengLinJinRan; Winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. Across the garden, spring flowers, summer has Yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone Bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan. Campus architecture and landscape clever union, with Chinese traditional garden architecture combines natural beauty and artificial beauty as a whole, constitute a natural landscape, attract a large number of tourists to visit. Zhao Mausoleum park has 300000 square meters of artificial lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat, the boat for sightseeing, boating on the lake, don't have a taste.

清昭陵现为国家重点文物保护单位，并于20xx年7月1日与沈阳故宫、沈阳福陵和抚顺永陵，经第28届世界遗产委员会会议表决通过，正式列入世界遗产名录。

昭陵始建于清崇德八年(1643年)至顺治八年(1651年)基本建成，后历经多次改建和增修而呈现现在的规模。陵寝建筑的平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则自南向北由前、中、后三个部分组成，其主体建筑都建在中轴线上，两侧对称排列，系仿自明朝皇陵而又具有满族陵寝的特点。

昭陵全陵占地18万平方米，共分三大部分。由南至北依次为：前部，从下马碑到正红门，包括华表、石狮、石牌坊、更衣厅、宰牲厅。;中部，从正红门到方城，包括华表、石象生、碑楼和祭祀用房。;后部，是方城、月牙城和宝城，这是陵寝的主体。

方城正门称为隆恩门，上有门楼。方城四角有角楼。方城内有隆恩殿、东西配殿、东西晾果房和焚帛亭。隆恩殿后面有二柱门、石五供和券洞门，券洞顶端是大明楼。方城之后是月牙城和宝清昭陵城，在宝城中心，上为宝顶，下为地宫。宝城后面是隆业山，登山俯视，陵园风光可尽收眼底。

游昭陵时，先游前部。前部在缭墙外，参道两侧有华表、石狮、更衣亭等，而正中是牌楼。牌楼是前部主体建筑，系青石建成，四柱三层，雕刻得玲珑剔透，精美无双，为罕见的艺术珍品。游罢牌楼，即可至正红门，这是游中部的开始。正红门为缭墙的正南门，层楼高耸，十分庄严，而其两翼所装饰的五色琉璃蟠龙壁，因造形生动，更引人注目。正红门内的参道两旁，有华表、石兽和大望柱，它们两两相对。既整饬又肃穆。石兽中最值得欣赏的是"大白"和"小白"。这两匹石马形象逼真，栩栩若生，据说是以墓主生前最爱骑的两匹骏马为原型雕琢而成。欣赏罢石马，即可至碑亭。碑亭与正红门相对，为颂扬墓主而建，里面所竖碑称"昭陵神功圣德碑"。

出碑亭即至隆恩门。隆恩门是方城的正南门，与碑亭相对。方城为后部，它建造得如同城池一般，位于缭墙，仿佛是城中之城。游方城先要游隆恩殿。隆恩殿居于方城中心，前有隆恩门，后有明楼，左右有配殿，四隅有角楼，犹如众星拱月一般，故显得异常雄伟。隆恩殿以雕刻精美的花岗清昭陵岩台阶为底座，以金光闪闪的黄琉璃瓦为屋顶，再加上画栋雕梁、金匾红墙，故又显得异常华丽。

参观罢隆恩殿，经过明楼，即可至宝城。宝城在方城北端，为月牙形。宝城又称宝顶，其下即地宫，安置着墓主夫妇的棺椁和陪葬品。登上宝顶，向四下一望，绿树环合，景色清幽，宛若置身于城市山林中，一种恬适之感油然而生。现在昭陵已辟为北陵公园。

昭陵的另一特色是漫漫数里的古松群。现存古松二千余棵，松龄达三百多年，摇曳挺拔，参天敝日。这些苍翠的陵松在金瓦红墙中构成昭陵又一壮丽景观，其中的“神树”、“凤凰树”、“夫妻树”、“姐妹树”、“龟树”等更是别具特色。

民国十六年五月(1920xx年)，以陵寝为中心辟为“北陵公园”，如今占地面积330万平方米。其总体规划是以陵寝为中心，分陵寝、陵前和陵后三部分。园内的自然景观千姿百态，五彩缤纷，其中芳秀园是北陵公园的园中园，总面积4万平方米，种植了近200种植物，四季分呈，各具特色。初春樱花盛开，满园飘香;盛夏荷花竞放，柳浪闻莺;深秋满山红叶，层林尽染;寒冬银装素裹，苍松挺拔。纵观整个园林，春有花，夏有阴，秋有果，冬有青，奇花异石，小桥流水，颇有江南之秀。园内建筑与景观巧妙结合，用中国传统园林建筑艺术将自然美和人工美合为一体，构成了一幅天然画卷，吸引大量的中外游客来此参观。北陵公园拥有30万平方米的人工湖水面，夏天碧波荡漾，柳岸成荫，乘坐脚踏船、快艇观光游玩，泛舟湖上，别有一番情趣。

Clear zhaoling now for the national key cultural relics protection unit, and on July 1, 20xx and the imperial palace in shenyang, shenyang fu mausoleum and fushun ling, after a vote by the 28th world heritage committee meeting, on the world heritage list.

Zhaoling mausoleum was built in the qing chong DE eight years (1643 years) to shunzhi eight years (1651 years) basic completion, after repeated after rebuilding and Labour market and the size of the present now. Mausoleum building layout follow lay after the "power" of the catacombs principle from south to north by the before, during and after the three parts, the main buildings are built on the central axis, symmetrically arranged on both sides, is imitated from the tomb of the Ming dynasty and has the characteristics of the manchu mausoleum.

Zhaoling mausoleum all covers an area of 180000 square meters, is divided into three parts. From south to north in the order: the front, from the horse monuments to the red door, including huabiao, stone lions, stone arches, change clothes, slaughter hall hall. ; The middle, from the red door to mahjong layout, including huabiao, stone animal, stone floor, and sacrifice to occupancy. ; Back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum.

Mahjong layout called long gate, main entrance on the gate house. Mahjong layout has four corners watchtower. Mahjong layout inside the long house, things peidian peidian, things dry fruit room and burn silks. Long behind the surface there are two columns and door, five for David and vouchers, coupons hole at the top is daming. After mahjong layout is the crescent city and baoqing zhaoling city, in the city, to treasure top, for dungeons. Treasure mountain city is long behind industry, mountain climbing, cemetery landscape panoramic view.

The front of zhaoling swim, swim first. Front sheet wall, went on both sides of the pavilion have huabiao, shishi, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. Arch is the front of the main body construction, bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures. Swim alone arched, then to red gate, this is the beginning of the tour in central. Is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, because of the shape and vivid, more conspicuous. Is red and went up on both sides of the door, huabiao, stone and large column, they two relatively. Slash and solemn. The beast is the most admirable in "white" and "white". The two stone horse horse image lifelike, as if, in love ride two horses were alive as the prototype carve. Appreciate the stone horse ", then to the pavilion. Pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling alkaloids in SAN DE tablet".

The pavilion is to long. Long the door is mahjong layout is the south gate, as opposed to a pavilion. Mahjong layout for the back, as it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. To travel to swim long temple city first. Long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the Ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. With beautifully carved granite qing long temple zhaoling is base rock steps, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, so it is extremely magnificent.

Visit long temple ", after the Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously. Now zhaoling has warded Zhao Mausoleum park.

Another feature of zhaoling is boundless example in several groups. Existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. These green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.

Sixteen years of the republic of China (1927) in May, bi is "Zhao Mausoleum park" for the center with mausoleum, now covers an area of 3.3 million square meters. Centered on the overall planning of tomb, tomb, LingQian and ling after three parts. Campus beautiful natural scenery, colorful, aromatic show garden is the YuanZhongYuan Zhao Mausoleum park, a total area of 40000 square meters, planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. Early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; A new summer lotus, the willows; Late autumn full mountain red leaves, CengLinJinRan; Winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. Across the garden, spring flowers, summer has Yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone Bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan. Campus architecture and landscape clever union, with Chinese traditional garden architecture combines natural beauty and artificial beauty as a whole, constitute a natural landscape, attract a large number of tourists to visit. Zhao Mausoleum park has 300000 square meters of artificial lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat, the boat for sightseeing, boating on the lake, don't have a taste.

清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的陵墓，占地面积16万平方米，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳(盛京)古城北约十华里，因此也称“北陵”，是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。

风景名胜清昭陵古松参天，草木葱茏，湖水荡漾，楼殿威严，金瓦夺目，充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。陵园后部的主体建筑由方城、月牙城和宝城组成。方城为城堡式，南墙正中辟券门，名隆恩门，上建三重檐黄琉璃瓦歇山顶门楼。城四角建有角楼，均为重檐十字脊，黄琉璃瓦顶。

清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的陵墓，占地面积16万平方米，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳(盛京)古城北约十华里，因此也称“北陵”，是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。园内古松参天，草木葱茏，湖水荡漾，楼殿威严，金瓦夺目，充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。昭陵除了葬有帝后外，还葬有关睢宫宸妃、麟趾宫贵妃、洐庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽，是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵，是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。

Clear zhaoling is the second generation of the founding emperor qing dynasty emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end wen queen bor dhi corp's tomb, covers an area of 160000 square meters, is the largest "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty, imposing manner is the most magnificent one. Located in the ancient city of shenyang (shengjing) NATO ten li, so also known as "Zhao Mausoleum", is in the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern landscape architecture.

Clear zhaoling scenic spot ancient pine trees towering, grass green, the lake ripples, building the temple, watts, fully shows the royal tombs of the majestic, magnificent, and the modern garden of elegant and beautiful. The main building at the back of the cemetery is composed of mahjong layout, crescent city and city. Mahjong layout is castle type, the center of the south wall monarch coupons door, long door, three double-hipped roof is built on the yellow glazed tile from the top of the mountain gate house. The city has four corners watchtower, are faced cross ridge, yellow glazed tile roof.

Clear zhaoling is the second generation of the founding emperor qing dynasty emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end wen queen bor dhi corp's tomb, covers an area of 160000 square meters, is the largest "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty, imposing manner is the most magnificent one. Located in the ancient city of shenyang (shengjing) NATO ten li, so also known as "Zhao Mausoleum", is in the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern landscape architecture. Garden ancient pine trees towering, grass green, lake water ripples, and building the temple, watts, fully shows the royal tombs of the majestic, magnificent, and the modern garden of elegant and beautiful. Zhaoling besides buried with emperor after, also buried the have no opinion of GongChen princess, 'toe GongGuiFei, 洐 GongShuFei etc. A batch of empresses beauty, is the most representative in the mausoleum of the commissioner of the qing dynasty of the mausoleum of hadrian, is our country one of the most complete existing ancient imperial mausoleum building.

清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的陵墓，占地面积16万平方米，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳(盛京)古城北约十华里，因此也称“北陵”，是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。

风景名胜清昭陵古松参天，草木葱茏，湖水荡漾，楼殿威严，金瓦夺目，充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。陵园后部的主体建筑由方城、月牙城和宝城组成。方城为城堡式，南墙正中辟券门，名隆恩门，上建三重檐黄琉璃瓦歇山顶门楼。城四角建有角楼，均为重檐十字脊，黄琉璃瓦顶。

清昭陵是清朝第二代开国君主太宗皇太极以及孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏的陵墓，占地面积16万平方米，是清初“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座。位于沈阳(盛京)古城北约十华里，因此也称“北陵”，是清代皇家陵寝和现代园林合一的游览胜地。园内古松参天，草木葱茏，湖水荡漾，楼殿威严，金瓦夺目，充分显示出皇家陵园的雄伟、壮丽和现代园林的清雅、秀美。昭陵除了葬有帝后外，还葬有关睢宫宸妃、麟趾宫贵妃、洐庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽，是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵，是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。

Clear zhaoling is the second generation of the founding emperor qing dynasty emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end wen queen bor dhi corp's tomb, covers an area of 160000 square meters, is the largest "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty, imposing manner is the most magnificent one. Located in the ancient city of shenyang (shengjing) NATO ten li, so also known as "Zhao Mausoleum", is in the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern landscape architecture.

Clear zhaoling scenic spot ancient pine trees towering, grass green, the lake ripples, building the temple, watts, fully shows the royal tombs of the majestic, magnificent, and the modern garden of elegant and beautiful. The main building at the back of the cemetery is composed of mahjong layout, crescent city and city. Mahjong layout is castle type, the center of the south wall monarch coupons door, long door, three double-hipped roof is built on the yellow glazed tile from the top of the mountain gate house. The city has four corners watchtower, are faced cross ridge, yellow glazed tile roof.

Clear zhaoling is the second generation of the founding emperor qing dynasty emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end wen queen bor dhi corp's tomb, covers an area of 160000 square meters, is the largest "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty, imposing manner is the most magnificent one. Located in the ancient city of shenyang (shengjing) NATO ten li, so also known as "Zhao Mausoleum", is in the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern landscape architecture. Garden ancient pine trees towering, grass green, lake water ripples, and building the temple, watts, fully shows the royal tombs of the majestic, magnificent, and the modern garden of elegant and beautiful. Zhaoling besides buried with emperor after, also buried the have no opinion of GongChen princess, 'toe GongGuiFei, 洐 GongShuFei etc. A batch of empresses beauty, is the most representative in the mausoleum of the commissioner of the qing dynasty of the mausoleum of hadrian, is our country one of the most complete existing ancient imperial mausoleum building.

Clear zhaoling is the second generation of the founding emperor qing dynasty emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end wen queen bor dhi corp's tomb, covers an area of 160000 square meters, is the largest "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty, imposing manner is the most magnificent one. Located in the ancient city of shenyang (shengjing) NATO ten li, so also known as "Zhao Mausoleum", is in the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern landscape architecture.

Clear zhaoling scenic spot ancient pine trees towering, grass green, the lake ripples, building the temple, watts, fully shows the royal tombs of the majestic, magnificent, and the modern garden of elegant and beautiful. The main building at the back of the cemetery is composed of mahjong layout, crescent city and city. Mahjong layout is castle type, the center of the south wall monarch coupons door, long door, three double-hipped roof is built on the yellow glazed tile from the top of the mountain gate house. The city has four corners watchtower, are faced cross ridge, yellow glazed tile roof.

Clear zhaoling is the second generation of the founding emperor qing dynasty emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end wen queen bor dhi corp's tomb, covers an area of 160000 square meters, is the largest "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty, imposing manner is the most magnificent one. Located in the ancient city of shenyang (shengjing) NATO ten li, so also known as "Zhao Mausoleum", is in the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern landscape architecture. Garden ancient pine trees towering, grass green, lake water ripples, and building the temple, watts, fully shows the royal tombs of the majestic, magnificent, and the modern garden of elegant and beautiful. Zhaoling besides buried with emperor after, also buried the have no opinion of GongChen princess, 'toe GongGuiFei, 洐 GongShuFei etc. A batch of empresses beauty, is the most representative in the mausoleum of the commissioner of the qing dynasty of the mausoleum of hadrian, is our country one of the most complete existing ancient imperial mausoleum building.

Zhao Mausoleum called clear zhaoling is the second generation of the founding emperor qing dynasty emperor taizong huang taiji and filial piety end wen queen bo le dhi corp's tomb, covers an area of 160000 square meters, is the largest "commissioner of three ling" at the beginning of the qing dynasty, imposing manner is the most magnificent one. Located in the ancient city of shenyang (shengjing) NATO ten li, so also known as "Zhao Mausoleum", is in the qing dynasty royal mausoleum and the resort of the unity of modern landscape architecture. Garden ancient pine trees towering, grass green, lake water ripples, and building the temple, watts, fully shows the royal tombs of the majestic, magnificent, and the modern garden of elegant and beautiful. Zhaoling besides buried with emperor after, also buried the have no opinion of GongChen princess, 'toe GongGuiFei, 洐 GongShuFei etc. A batch of empresses beauty, is the most representative in the mausoleum of the commissioner of the qing dynasty of the mausoleum of hadrian, is our country one of the most complete existing ancient imperial mausoleum building.

Zhaoling mausoleum was built in the qing chong DE eight years (in 1643), to shunzhi eight years (1651 years) basic completion of after reconstruction and Labour market and present it with many times the size of the now. Mausoleum building layout follow lay after the "power" of the catacombs principle from south to north by the before, during and after the three parts, the main buildings are built on the central axis, symmetrically arranged on both sides, is imitated from the tomb of the Ming dynasty and has the characteristics of the manchu mausoleum.

Zhaoling mausoleum all covers an area of 180000 square meters, is divided into three parts. From south to north in the order: the front, from the horse monuments to the red door, including huabiao, stone lions, stone memorial arch, change clothes, slaughter hall hall; Central, from red gate to mahjong layout, including huabiao, stone animal, monuments, buildings and buildings for sacrifice; Back, is a mahjong layout, crescent city and city, this is the body of the mausoleum.

Mahjong layout called long gate, main entrance on the gate house. Mahjong layout has four corners watchtower. Mahjong layout inside the long house, things peidian peidian, things dry fruit room and burn silks. Long behind the surface there are two columns and door, five for David and vouchers, coupons hole at the top is daming. After mahjong layout is the crescent city and city, in the city, to treasure top, for dungeons. Treasure mountain city is long behind industry, mountain climbing, cemetery landscape panoramic view.

Zhao LingQian in sheet wall, went on both sides of the pavilion have huabiao, shishi, change clothes, etc., and the middle is arched. Arch is the front of the main body construction, bluestone, four pillars three layers, carving exquisite, elegant, is a rare art treasures. Swim alone arched, then to red gate, this is the beginning of the tour in central. Is red door for sheet wall is the south gate, storeys tall, very solemn, and its two wings adornment coloured glaze is panlong wall, because of the shape and vivid, more conspicuous. Is red and went up on both sides of the door, huabiao, stone and large column, they two relatively. Slash and solemn. The beast is the most admirable in "white" and "white". The two stone horse horse image lifelike, as if, in love ride two horses were alive as the prototype carve. Appreciate the stone horse ", then to the pavilion. Pavilion and was relatively red door, to celebrate were built, inside the vertical tablet called "zhaoling alkaloids in SAN DE tablet".

The pavilion is to long. Long the door is mahjong layout is the south gate, as opposed to a pavilion. Mahjong layout for the back, as it has built the city, is located in the sheet wall, asing if is a city within a city. To travel to swim long temple city first. Long temple in mahjong layout center, and have long before the door, after the Ming building, about peidian peidian, four corner has turrets, like month, so it was extremely ambitious. Long temple carved granite steps as base, with golden yellow glazed tile roof, coupled with the painted carved beams, jinbian red walls, so it is extremely magnificent. Long stay behind after Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously.

Sixteen years of the republic of China (1927) in May, bi is "Zhao Mausoleum park" for the center with mausoleum, now covers an area of 3.32 million square meters. Centered on the overall planning of tomb, tomb, LingQian and ling after three parts. Campus beautiful natural scenery, colorful, aromatic show garden is the YuanZhongYuan Zhao Mausoleum park, a total area of 40000 square meters, planted nearly 200 kinds of plants, four points are, each has its own characteristics. Early spring cherry blossom in full bloom, garden fragrance; A new summer lotus, the willows; Late autumn full mountain red leaves, CengLinJinRan; Winter snow mountains, pine and forceful. Across the garden, spring flowers, summer has Yin, autumn fruit, winter green, strange flowers, stone Bridges, there is quite a show of jiangnan. Campus architecture and landscape clever union, with Chinese traditional garden architecture combines natural beauty and artificial beauty as a whole, constitute a natural landscape, attract a large number of tourists to visit. Zhao Mausoleum park has 300000 square meters of artificial lake water, rippling in summer, life in suzhou as the shadow, a pedal boat, the boat for sightseeing, boating on the lake, don't have a taste. Is now Zhao Mausoleum park is a world-famous tourist scenic spot. Now the national key cultural relics protection units.

Visit long temple ", after the Ming building, you can treasure. Treasure city in the northern end of the mahjong layout, as crescent. City is also called the treasure treasure top, namely dungeons underneath, and placed the coffins were couples and interred. , looking on treasure top, looked round, green trees and cyclization, beautiful scenery, like the trees in the city, a ease feeling arises spontaneously. Now zhaoling has warded Zhao Mausoleum park.

Another feature of zhaoling is boundless example in several groups. Existing ancient pine trees more than two thousand, more than three hundred years old, tall and straight, swaying towering our day. These green ling loose in its golden tiles zhaoling and composed a magnificent landscape, one of the "making", "flame", "husband and wife tree", "sisters" trees, "turtle tree" is distinctive, etc.

Shenyang zhaoling ancient history, mysterious tomb, beautiful natural landscape, as tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign visitors find the scenery pleasing to both the eye and the mind, linger for browsing resort, also become the window of the people all over the world understand China, know about shenyang.

女士们、先生们：

你们好!欢迎大家来沈阳清昭陵旅游。今天有幸陪同大家一起游览，我很高兴，下面我将和大家游览沈阳有名的风景名胜之一——昭陵。

沈阳由于坐落在浑河(古沈水)之北而得名，是中国99座历史文化名城之一，它不仅有着悠久的历史，独特的自然风光，而且有着非比寻常的人文景观。它是多民族共同开发的历史名城，至今已有7220__年的文明历史、2320__年建城史的塞外名城。是清朝的发祥地，所谓“一朝发祥地，两代帝王都”，在中国近代历史上产生了重要的影响。“一宫两陵”更是不可替代的历史文化遗产。

(清朝的建立)

那么，在这片神奇的黑土地上，大清王朝是怎样建立的呢?大家知道，中国是世界文明古国之一，中华民族是具有悠久历史和优秀文化的伟大民族。世事沧桑，朝代更迭。早在三百多年前的明朝末年，崇祯皇帝由于朝政1，明军涣散，再加上当时整个中国发生严重的旱灾，良田颗粒无收。然而，在这严重的饥荒之年，苛捐杂税有增无减。于是农民纷纷揭竿而起，出现了以李自成等几十只农民起义军。可是，虽然李自成起义军斗争烈火燃遍了大半个中国，建立了“大顺”政权，但由于没有重视建筑巩固的根据地，最终被入关的清军摘取了胜利果实。就这样，清朝在起义军的推波助澜下，取代了统治中国封建社会长达276年的明朝，座殿紫禁城，成为中国历史上第二个由少数民族建立的统一皇朝，同时也是中国历史上最后一个封建王朝。从此，拉开了清朝统治中国296年(1616-1911)，比明朝整整多了20__年的漫长序幕。

(陵主人概况)

清朝共有12位皇帝，10位葬在关内的河北，2位葬在关外的辽宁。管内除末代皇帝溥仪葬在华龙陵园外，其余九个皇帝，5位葬在清东陵，4位葬在清西陵。关外的2位皇帝即太祖努尔哈赤和太宗皇太极。今年我们参观的就是清朝第二代开国君主清太宗皇太极的陵墓。皇太极在中国历史上有着极为重要的作用。在游览之前我先介绍一下皇太极的生平。皇太极姓爱新觉罗氏，满族，生于明万历二十年(1592年)，死于崇德八年(1643年)，终年52岁，后金第二代君主，大清创建者之一，太祖努尔哈赤第八子。1620__年太祖去世，他被推举继汗位，年号天聪。1636年去汗称帝，改国号大清，年号崇德，更女真为满洲，辛亥革命后通陈满族。皇太极是历史上著名的军事家，一生勤于政事，勇于战阵，在位20__年，完善八旗制度，与蒙古建立巩固联盟，多次给明军以沉重打击，著名的萨尔浒和松锦大战成为我1事上以少胜多，以弱胜强战术的典范。最终统一了东北全境，缔造了历史上最后一个封建王朝，并为之取代明朝登上中原舞台奠定了坚实的基础，他是中国封建社会历史上一位有远见卓识和重大历史贡献的君主。

陵墓是历史的见证。是记载着重大事件的场所，在封建社会里，统治阶级一向认为，陵墓关系到帝运之盛衰，国祚之长短。因此，在历代封建帝王的心目中，陵寝显示和象征着皇权。所以，历朝历代统治者不惜动用大量的物力和财力，使用最好的材料和最高的技术来进行建造。

(三京、三陵介绍)

清初关外有“三京”、“三陵”。“三京”九时兴京——现辽宁新宾;东京——现辽阳;盛京——现在的沈阳。“三陵”就是新宾的永陵，即祖陵，埋葬着肇、兴、景、显四祖;沈阳东郊的福陵，也称东陵，埋葬着清朝第一代开国君主努尔哈赤及孝慈高皇后叶赫那拉氏;昭陵位于沈城北部，又称北陵，这里埋葬着清朝第二代开国君主皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏。盛京三陵与河北遵化的清东陵，河北易县的清西陵共同构成了清代皇家陵园。

在二千余年的封建1社会里，每一个皇帝都有一群后妃。昭陵除了葬有帝后外，还葬着关雎宫宸妃，麟趾宫贵妃，衍庆宫淑妃等一批后妃佳丽。他们葬在昭陵宝顶西侧的二百米处的贵妃圆寝，全称叫宸妃、懿静大贵妃园寝，又称贵妃园。由于年久失修，只有遗迹可寻。这种陪葬制度体现了封建君王“事死如事生”的愿望，也体现了忠君思想和严格的封建等级制度。

(昭陵建筑概括)

昭陵位于盛京古城北约十华里，占地330万平方米，始建于清崇德八年(643)，历时八年，于顺治八年(651年)初步完工。昭陵的主要建筑是顺治、康熙年间建造的。随着对汉文化的逐渐认同，乾隆和嘉庆各朝又做了若干增建和改建。到嘉庆六年(1820__年)全部竣工。可以说，它是一座积累式建筑群，修建时间跨度较大，经过一百多年的时间才形成了今天的规模，它是从平地而起的，坐北朝南。主要建筑部分布在平面布局的中轴线上，两侧各建筑采取对称形势分布。它既吸取了前代明陵的建筑长处，继承了中国古代传统建筑的优点，又融会了满族陵寝建筑的特点，具有浓郁的民族风格和地方特色，在一定程度上体现了清入关前满族建筑艺术的演进情况。它是“关外三陵”中，规模最大，气势最宏伟的陵墓，是清初关外陵寝中最具代表性的一座帝陵，也是我国现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑之一。

(过去的昭陵范围)

过去的昭陵陵区四周设有三排木桩做为保护标志。这些木桩分为红、白、青三种颜色。每根木桩高9尺，直径6.7寸。其中，红柱在风水红墙之外一里的地方，周围共有128根;白桩在红桩之外，两者相距10大到20丈不等，白桩共有90根;青桩在白桩之外约十华里，共有40根。青桩的范围是东起二台子，西至小韩屯，北起三台子，南至保安寺。按这个范围粗略计算，东西南北各不少于十五华里。在此范围内全属昭陵法定保护范围。清朝《大清律》明确规定：“红桩以内寸草为重，白桩以内禁止樵采，青桩以内禁止烧造”。而且对进入陵区者以情节轻重又有细则处罚规定。可见界桩是大清法律的象征，大有令人望桩生畏之感。如今，这些界桩随着清朝的消亡早已荡然无存。

(下马碑)

昭陵周围除了有界桩，还有六座下马碑，它们都是成对矗立在昭陵内的。其中两对在陵寝前方，另一对在陵寝东西红门附近。陵前的两对下马牌，一对在新开河北岸，一对在神桥桥南。这三对下马碑至今保存尚属完好，石材都是选用坚固耐用的青沙石。每个碑都有四个戗角石，可起到加固碑体的作用，也起到装饰美化作用。碑的上下首都刻有如意纹，中腰开光部分为碑文。三对碑的碑文不完全相同。其中，新开河北岸的下马碑碑文是满、蒙、汉、回、藏五种文体。碑文：“诸王以下1人等至此下马”。其它两对碑文只有满、蒙、汉三种文体，碑文是：“1人等至此下马”。

下马碑是封建等级制度的标志。明清时期广泛应用在陵寝、宫殿等外，距离远近按尊卑等级有所不同。1出行每遇下马碑必下车、下轿步行，所谓“武宫下马，文官下轿”。否则，是违制，是要受到处罚的。

昭陵在初建时仅有下马木牌做为下马标记。乾隆四十八年(1783年)，皇帝弘历东巡盛京时决定将永、福、昭三陵下马木牌一律改为石碑，“以昭永远”。由于是钦定工程，所以，各项准备工程进展顺利，于乾隆四十九年五月二十五日三陵下马牌工程届时破土动工，工程历时三个月。皇帝一道圣旨，崭新的下马牌全部雕造完毕，按时起立。

(神桥)

现在我们来到了神桥，在清朝帝王陵寝中普遍使用的建筑形式就是“神桥”。它既有装饰陵寝建筑的作用，更有其实用价值。以昭陵来说，陵寝地势基本是前低后高。这样，每到雨季必然有大量的雨水从后向前泄出，那么，神桥玉带河保护着陵寝居高处水的排泄，真可谓金城汤池之固。

清代帝王陵墓桥都是按桥孔分，有一孔、三孔、五孔等。孔桥最多的是河北清东陵的孝陵九孔桥。昭陵神桥是一座三孔拱形石桥。过去是青砖铺面，两侧有石雕护栏，栏板雕刻着身披烈焰腾空飞翔的大马，还有蕃草、海水、江涯、花卉及“八宝”等。护栏上雕有“宝瓶天拱”及“俯莲式”望柱头，桥两端有守桥石狮子，桥下是“玉带河”。

据嘉庆十年档案记载，昭陵神桥“历来久远，砖石朽烂，多有坏损处”。说明此桥在嘉庆年间已严重损坏。嘉庆20__年及20__年，?琰两次来昭陵祭祀祖陵，竟未修此桥。道光9年?宁也来昭陵祭祖，同样也未修此桥。直至道光20__年，此桥破损更趋严重，急待修整。但因国力空虚，最终只得一拖再拖。

如今的神桥是建国后维修的。虽桥栏板，柱头不如昔日雕刻古朴细腻，但仍不失神桥华美、庄重的姿色。

(石牌坊)

经过神桥，漫步台阶，迎面矗立的就是昭陵著名的石牌防。它是中国古代建筑中一种特殊的门，是明、清两代特有的装饰建筑。用以点缀城市时，多称为“牌楼”。作为一种纪念死者、旌表功德的门洞式纪念建筑物，多称为“牌坊”。它经常被立于陵墓、庙宇。饲堂、道路和园林之中，尤其在陵墓之前，它除了具有表彰功德的纪念意义之外，还有陪衬景物，表示仪注，弓间人们进入膜拜帝王境界作用。

大家请看，此访雕造精美，全部为仿木架结构。其造型为四柱、三间、三楼，歇山式顶子。其上有三条大脊，八条垂脊，还有大吻、走兽、垂兽等。檐下有出檐的瓦垅、斗拱、额仿、横梁、兽头等构件。各部位还浮雕有花卉图案，如云龙纹、吉祥八宝、缠校莲、著草等。请大家用手指一下，八宝它雕在牌坊的哪个部位?好。还有引人注目的是，四根柱脚上雕有座狮四对，獬豸一对。其中，南北相背者是狮子，东西相背者是獬豸。它们相背蹲踞在须弥座上，昂首挺胸，瞪目张口，活灵活现，虎虎有声，令人望而生畏。好像在忠实地守卫陵寝。整个牌坊雕琢穿透，集平雕、园雕、浮雕、透雕等各种雕刻技法于一炉，刀法粗犷，遒劲而细腻，真可以说是一件石雕艺术的巨型“神品”。被现代艺术家视为清代雕刻珍品，它是昭陵陵寝中有代表性的第一件石雕作品，也是一座不可多得的清初石坊建筑，在辽沈地区也是罕见的。

这座石坊建造年代分为两个时期：即坊体于顺治八年初建完成，当时的石坊仅在两端有三对夹秆石兽(狮子两对，獬豸一对)，而中间的两对夹杆石狮建造于嘉庆六年(1820__年)。大家稍注意看一下，就很容易看出，中间两对石狮颜色较白，两端的石兽颜色较深。

那么，为什么在顺治年间建造完工后，隔一百多年，嘉庆年间又稍作补建呢?据《清高宗实录》记载，原来，这座石牌坊在乾隆后期就出现倾斜现象，盛京1请求增添戗石，乾隆不准，认为“陵寝重地工程未宜轻动”，没必要修理。又说，此坊已建成一百多年，至今不过倾斜七、八寸，说明此建筑十分坚固，可听其自然，保持原状，无需加戗石。乾隆提出了这些理由，均不合理，他为什么不同意呢?原来乾隆另有苦衷，当时官场腐朽，怕盛京1借工程之机贪占“钱粮”，所以迟迟没建。直到嘉庆四年太上皇驾崩，才钦准盛京1提出的计划，并命盛京将军晋昌，工部待郎萨敏二人为“督工大臣”。他们提出，为了前后统一，还是用石狮形式，更为坊体坚固。同时，用狮子造型，可增添陵寝气势。嘉庆六年二月冬天，“督工大臣”立即调来最好的石匠，起早贪黑，刀刻斧凿，仅用五个月便将四件石狮雕刻完毕。为此，嘉庆还给他们二人奖励。可是，由于他们二人只顾赶工程进度，忽视了工程质量，不到二年，夹杆石狮便出现下沉现象。嘉庆得知此事，非常重视。这时正赶上嘉庆来盛京祭祖，考虑到工程还没出三年“保固”期，就出现问题，于是传二位督工大臣，每人各出资一半，返工修理，以示“正肃”。无奈，二人道旨照办。

嘉庆十年(820__年)八月，?琰又来到昭陵，当大礼已毕，在祭区敬瞻之时，特意到石坊驻足停留，十分仔细的观摩了这件为之费了一番心思的佳作。

(正红门)

穿过石牌坊，拾级而上，就到了昭陵陵寝。大家看到了，昭陵是一组红墙黄瓦建筑群，为什么这样呢?据道家阴阳五行学说认为，五行包括金、木、水、火、土，其中，土占中央方位。因为华夏民族世代生息在黄土高原上，所以对黄色就产生了一种崇仰和依恋的感情。于是从唐朝起，黄色就成了代表皇家的色彩，其他人不准在服饰上和建筑上使用。而红色则寓意美满，吉祥和富贵。正是由于这些原因，昭陵的基本色调便采用了红、黄两种颜色。大家请看迎面的这座宏伟建筑叫王红门，也叫大红门。它是陵寝的总门户。

陵寝占地面积16万平方米，平面布局分为三进院落式。三进院落的布局形式是昭陵制度的特点之一。这种布局形式是陵寝由南向北依次分为三个院落。第一个院落由碑亭等神厨、神库组成;第二个院落由祭殿和配殿组成;第三个院落由宝城和明楼组成。

请大家看一下东西两侧的跨院，东跨院为更衣亭和静房。更衣亭是皇帝揭陵进祭时更衣的地方。按清代惯例，每当皇帝谒陵，头一天行“展谒礼”时要穿素服，第二大行“大飨礼”时则御朝服。衣服不能在来前就换好，需要在正红门前进更衣亭更换。后面还有一小亭叫静亭，就是皇帝的御用厕所。西跨院为省牲亭和馔造房。省牲亭是祭扫时宰杀上祭用的牛、羊的地方，馔造房是用来置锅灶收拾上祭的牛羊的地方。

下面请看正红门。它建于顺治八年(1651年)，位于整个陵园的正南位置，是陵园的正门。它是由三个半圆形的红色大拱门组成。拱门上是一座单檐歇山式门楼，斗拱建筑，由彩色琉璃构件组成，三个拱门边上均有浮雕装饰，中门浮雕为二龙戏珠图案，左右门为花纹图案。在正红门中门脊上原有宝瓶一个，是“保平”的谐音，以示“保全陵寝平安”之意。两侧的砖墙叫袖壁，为什么叫袖壁呢?因为它如同衣服的袖子，袖壁长8.5米，高5米，壁上浮雕着姿态生动，气宇轩昂的五彩琉璃皤龙，所以袖壁又叫龙壁或龙砖看墙，昭陵共有六对12个龙壁，如此之多的龙壁在陵寝0现，这在明清诸陵中也是罕见的。传说龙壁有镇妖、驱邪、护陵之作用，是个瑞祥之物。请大家细观，那东面黑色龙身的龙壁是用来镇黑天的，西面绿色龙身的龙壁是用来镇白天的。五彩蟠龙作升腾状，昂首，张着鳄鱼嘴，舞着鹰爪，舒卷着蛇身，勇猛矫健，腾空飞跃，飞天潜海，颇有动感，大有呼之欲出的气势，给孤寂的正红门增添了许多生气，也显示正红门这座总门户的庄严气派。龙壁它是明清特有的建筑装饰，华丽的琉璃纹饰与建筑物浑然一体，相得益彰，具有浓郁的东方美学色彩。在无明清三朝的700余年中，琉璃技术逐渐成熟，达到封建社会的最高峰，被广泛用于宫廷和陵寝。在古建筑学中，它属于八字型龙壁，昭陵新建的大门上的龙壁属于一字形龙壁。这对八字形龙壁两侧有红色综墙相接，缭墙向左右方向延伸，形成方形围墙，把陵寝紧紧围绕起来。缭墙用青砖砌成，南墙高3.2米，东西墙高2.6米，四周长共1653米。墙体施以粉红色，所以又有“风水红墙”之称。红墙与正红门，东西红门形成和谐的整体。

大红门及东西红门各有严格的使用规制：大红门正中一门叫神门，是皇太极和皇太后神灵出入的门户，此间平日不开，只能在大祭时抬祭品和祝版的官兵从此通过。大红门东侧门为君门，是皇帝祭陵时走的门，另一侧门为臣门，是祭祀时大臣出入的门。但在实际祭陵时，皇帝也不走正门，这可能是出于对0敬畏的缘故吧。

神门、君门、臣门，不同的人出入不同的门，这种作法，突出了皇权至高无上和君权神授的作用。

(进入陵寝)

进入正红门内，从中间的“神道”为中轴线，大家可以清楚的看到，昭陵陵寝建筑布局严格遵循“中轴线”陵寝规制，陵寝主体建筑全部建在南北中轴线上，其它附属建筑则均衡地建在它的两侧。这样的陵寝设计思想主要是体现居中为尊，至尊无上，同时，达到使建筑群稳重、平衡及统一等美学效应。

神道是用长条的石头铺建而成。以正红门的神门起，一直通向陵寝后部月牙城的影壁前，这就是全陵的中轴线。神道两旁的条石叫牙石。

那么大家不禁产生疑问，神道是为何意?所谓神道又叫神路，顾名思义，是神行走之路，人是凡人俗子，当然没有资格走此路。在清代时，任何人都不允许在神道上行走，以示对皇帝敬重之意。只有运送帝后棺椁、神牌、祝版、制帛的官兵，才可以在神道上通行。除此之外，就是贵为天子的皇帝和母仪天下的皇后，进入陵区也要另辟御路而行。今天，大家在神道上随意闲适漫步，是否能想象得到当时人们对这条神道的敬重和畏惧情感呢?

按明清陵寝制度，对神道也有许多限制。首先，不许从神道这端直接看到另一端的隆恩门。就是说，从大红门至隆恩门中间必有建筑物隔断，这寓意“风水”一眼望不断。这是因为，在他们看来，祖陵“风水”的好坏，直接影响到皇位的传承和龙脉的延续，事关重大。因此，修陵者便挖空心思，采取的措施一般是在神道上建“影壁山”及“龙凤门”遮挡，而昭陵的神道上建筑神功圣德碑之亭，也起到“风水”一眼望不到头的效果。其次，神道也如神门一样，神圣不可侵犯，违者予以重处。据说有“横定罚，竖走杀”的规矩。

在神道两侧，自南向北依次排列着石雕华表一对，石兽六对，大望柱一对。据《清世祖实录》记载，它们建成于顺治七年(1650年)。石兽依次分别为坐狮、坐獬豸、坐麒麟、立马、卧骆驼、立象各一对，共六对十二个。这些石雕兽群就是清康熙时道土苗君稷在《秋日望昭陵》这首诗中描绘的：“十二御林严侍卫，风嘶铁马白云霄”。

(华表)

请大家看神道两侧雕着飞龙和卷云的洁自晶莹的对称石柱。这就是华表，也叫擎天柱或万云柱。通高10米左右。华表是中华民族的象征，它作为我国独有的一种古代建筑物，有着十分悠久的历史。据《尹子》说：“尧立诽谤木”。可见在尧舜时代华表就已经出现了，不过当时都是用木头制成的，其用途不同，所以名称也不一样。其中一个作用是供人们提意见之用，叫“诽谤本”，类似现在的“意见箱”。还有一个作用就是“表识”。把它竖立在交通要道，作为识别路径的标志，相当于现在的路标。“表”即“标”，所以也叫“华表木”。后来用石材制造，因此也叫“石柱”或“表柱”。华表作为建筑装饰，起初是立在桥头上，从元代开始被用于宫殿旁，明清时期被广泛用在陵寝建筑上。

这对华表顶端的柱头上雕着一个面朝北方的石怪兽，哪位知道它叫什么名?它叫?。是北方的一种兽，形似犬，吃人。人们根据这种立于华表顶端石兽的姿态，以及传说中它好望的性格，叫它望天?。望天?常常成双成对的被安放在皇宫和陵寝前后。不知大家是否注意，在神桥南面华表顶端的望天?面朝南还是面朝北?对，是面朝南。这里有一个典故，我们现在看到的面朝北，也就是面朝陵寝的这对叫“望帝归”，也叫“望君归”。意在希望帝王要尽孝心，但也不要太沉缅于哀伤之中，祭毕而出，国家大事等你处理呢。另一对的方向是向着沈阳故宫的叫“望帝出”，也叫“望君出”。提示帝王不要忘记0，江山是先祖打的，每年的七次祭礼别忘了。根据这个典故，大家就很容易理解安放在陵寝前后的两对“望天?”的含义了。

(石像生)

下面大家看石像生。所谓石像生，就是陵墓前设立的由石人石兽组成的石雕群，左右对称地排列在神道两旁。陵墓前为什么要设石像生?是怎么演变的?

据《封氏闻见记》记载：最初设置石像，目的是除1，驱鬼怪。早期的墓前石兽石人还有表彰死者生前丰功伟绩的作用。西汉名将霍去病先后六次率军出击匈奴，大败敌军，使匈奴人闻之丧胆，从而解除了西汉初年以来匈奴对西汉王朝的威胁。霍去病死后，为了表达他的战功，宏扬他威镇敌胆的英雄气概，不仅把他的坟丘堆成他生前大败匈奴，建功立业的祁连山山形，还在他墓前竖立了马踏匈奴的石雕像，以象征他生前率军大败匈奴的武勇壮烈形象。石像生的这种作用后来成为绝响。

石像生的普遍出现是在东汉，其作用主要是显示死者生前地位，身份和权势。地位越高，权势越大，石像生的石雕像也越多。为了防止依杖权势，财力乱行，许多朝代对石像生的数量、内容都作过明确严格的规定。例如，清代国家法律《大清律》，对1墓前的石雕置放数量做了明确规定，三品以上1可以用石兽六件，五品以上1可以用石兽四件，六品1以下不准放置石雕。它体现了封建社会严格区分尊卑长幼及身份等级的礼法制度。清代帝陵石像生最多的是清东陵的孝陵，石像生有18对，它是以明长陵为模式的，福陵石像生只有4对。

在这里，有必要向大家补充一下：在清代皇陵中，盛京三陵陵左琶汾要亮千坷北遵化的清东陵、易县的清西陵中的诸陵陵主。他们是未能入关的清朝奠基人。可是祖陵“万年吉地”且远不如入关后诸皇帝陵寝那样规模宏大，这是由于清初陵寝典制还没制定，再加上福陵昭陵已经堪舆方家测定风水，不能轻易变更位置。顺治康熙年间的改建和扩建又受到地域条件的限制。所以，就形成了现在低于嗣皇陵的格局。

石像生中，除石人以外，以虎、狮、象、马、骆驼等为多见。这勇猛骠悍的野兽极驯服地昼夜守护在陵墓前，无疑会增加陵墓的威严神秘之感，也抬高了墓主人的地位。

下面大家请看，第一对是石狮子，狮子是百兽之王，所以把狮子放在首位，作为威振八方，唯我独尊的王权化身，也是守护陵寝的“御林军”中的排头卫士，更是威严、尊贵、崇高的象征;

第二对是一对头上长着独角的怪兽，不知哪一位知道它叫什么名?对，叫獬豸。据《异兽志》说，它是东北特产动物，能辨别是非善恶曲直，见有人相斗，便以头上的独角去顶撞坏人。在我国古代，执法官头上的帽子就叫獬豸冠，表示他能像獬豸一样执法严明。在陵寝中放置獬豸象征着帝王死后也能明断是非，公正严明。实际上是在美化统治阶级;

第三对，是麒麟，是一种祥瑞之兽。形象很特别，头如龙，角如鹿，全身鳞甲，尾似牛，足似马而圆蹄。龙、凤、龟、麟古代称为“四灵”。传说它是一种神鹿，常在太平盛世的时候出现，在这里显示帝王的仁义至圣，世事吉祥太平，王业兴旺发达。

第四对为立马，这一对石雕最能引人注目。它用汉白玉雕成，全身洁白，腿短，体壮，具有蒙古马的特点，大小和真马一样，昂首位立，英姿勃勃，威武雄壮。满族是一个有着骑射传统的民族，皇太极被称为马上皇帝，他的战功都是在马背上取得的，他有两匹心爱的坐骑，一胖一瘦，胖的叫“大白”，瘦的叫“小白”。“小白”行军赶路可日行千里，“大白”可日行五百里，“大白”常干驰骋疆场攻破敌阵。“小白”善于行军赶路。“小白”、“大白”曾多次立功，也曾保护过主人的性命，因此皇太极对它们也倍加珍爱。皇太极死后他的子孙就令工匠按它们的样子雕成两匹石马，放在墓前，永远陪伴它的主人。至于哪一匹是“大白”，哪一匹是“小白”，大家根据它的胖瘦很容易辨认出来。

第五对是石骆驼，这是用黑色石料雕造成的。由于骆驼在皇太极生前的征战中立下很多功劳，所以后来建陵时，把石雕骆驼列在陵寝，表示它的功迹与主人同在;

最后一对为立象，高2米，长近3米，以白色石料雕成。大象为绿洲之王，它高大威严，性情温和，是天下太平祥和的象征。在石像中使用它，寓意广有顺民，江山稳固。另外据说象能辨忠0，最守信用。在古代，只有帝陵神道才可以列置石象，而臣以下的坟墓是不允许摆放的。

(大望柱)

接下来的是一对大望柱，它和华表根相似，但也有区别，大家细心观察便可辨出，柱体没有龙纹，只是朵朵云纹，不是圆柱形，而是八校形;柱须是桃形，而不是蹲兽，其它部分都与前边的那对华表形制一样。它位立在陵寝的主要建筑——碑楼两边，主要用途是装饰和丰富陵寝建筑内容，使之更有气魄，更加豪华。

(神功圣德碑)

当你步入陵寝内，首先映入眼帘的是这座昭陵有名的神功圣德碑楼。明清制度规定，大碑楼要在皇帝入葬后，由嗣皇帝营建，据《清圣祖仁皇帝实录》记载：碑楼建于康熙二十七年(1688年)。为方形重檐歇山式，四面各开一个拱门，下有须弥座式台基，中间竖立一块高5.45米，宽1.98米，重达5万公斤的整块石碑，碑的上首用满汉两种文字镌刻“大清昭陵神功圣德碑”，中间开光部分有碑文1810个字，用工整端庄的楷书刻成，是由清代几位著名文臣撰写的(康熙皇帝只是假以其名而已)。主要记载了皇太极一生的功德，故此碑名为“神功圣德碑”。碑下有一动物驮着辉，这只动物虽然相貌丑陋，却有一个十分高雅新奇的名号，叫，也叫“龟趺”。它是传说中的动物。相传龙生九子，而每子的外貌、性格都不一样，是龙的长子，貌似海龟，喜爱文学，好负重，力大无穷。因此后人便把石碑下的石座雕刻成的形象。在它的下部是一块刻满海水波纹的“地袱”，“地袱”四角各有一漩涡，每个漩涡中分别雕有鱼虾蟹等水族动物。用这些水族动物来装饰神功圣德碑，据说自有皇家的道理。因为皇帝是所谓“真龙太子”，是龙的儿子，而龙是大海的主宰者，虾兵蟹将是龙最忠诚的“侍卫”。因此为皇帝——真龙天子立碑，自然要靠他们来效忠了。

碑石原产于北京附近的顺天府。大家可能要问，这么重的碑是怎么运过来的呢?在当时为了不破坏陵地的“风水”，陵地的一草一本也不能乱动，建陵所需要的材料全部要从外地采运制造。石料如此巨大，道路又如此遥远，又不能用牲畜拉，只能靠人力拉，原因是用牲畜拉是对皇祖陵寝的亵读。石料在起运前先要用清麻层层包缠，边缠边涂水胶，以防在运输中受震动而断裂。然后把石料装在特制的木车上，俗称“旱船”。运输要选在严冬滴水成冰的季节，沿途每隔几里要打一口水井，把道路浇成一条冰道。这样历尽艰辛，才能将巨大的石料运至盛京。据统计，仅采运建陵的石料一项费用就耗白银达l60万两。

大家心中肯定会产生疑问，在没有现代化起重设备的条件下，人们是如何将碑立到龟背上呢?这里还有一个“神人点化”立碑的故事。当工匠们柬手无策时，有一须发皆白的老人走来，工匠忙求教有何良策时，老人笑答：“我已是土埋到脖子的入了，还能有什么妙策”?匠人思量再三，恍然大悟，于是就用土一点一点把石碑培起来，最后终于把石碑安放到石座上。这个故事是真是假不必深究，但使用“堆上立碑法”是可能的，显示了我国古代劳动人民的聪明才智。

大碑楼是皇陵最神圣的地方，它附近的神道禁卫甚严，不许随意往来，据说有“人过杀头，马过削蹄”的刑法。

在碑楼北面东西两侧，各有两座三间青砖瓦房，这都是当年祭祖用房。东侧的两座叫仪仗房和果房，是皇帝谒陵时存放旗、伞等祭祀所用的仪仗之物和上祭时烹茶煮奶及上茶1休息的地方。西侧两座叫茶膳房和涤器房，是上祭时做饭和上膳1休息的地方，还有上祭时准备土杂果品鲜货及上果1休息的地方。

(隆恩门)

大家请看，前面就是隆恩门和方城了。隆恩门是方城的正门。早在我国秦汉、唐宋时期，皇陵围墙里方形，每面各开一个门，封土居于中央。到了明代，朱元璋对以前陵制做了重大改革，其中一项就是把陵院由方形改为长方形，前方后圆，三进院落，封土后于最后一个院落，只留南面一个大门。这个门，明陵称为恩门，清陵称隆恩门，俗称宫门。大家请看，在门楣上方正中设置以汉满蒙三种文字的“隆恩门”匾额。隆恩门上方是一座高大门楼，称五凤楼，歇山式，三层，是三滴水式建筑。在门楼的底层，南、北两面没有供人登临的楼门，二、三层的四面都有木窗，周围有出廊。据说当年在三层楼上设有金链四条，这些金链俗称“江山万代”，民国年间，不慎丢失。五凤楼式样颇像沈阳故宫的凤凰楼。隆恩门建筑雄伟壮观，昔日登楼向南远眺，沈城全貌可尽收眼底，晴朗之日，还可望见辽阳的太子河。

(进入方城)

请大家随我经过隆恩门进入陵寝第二个院落方城，它是昭陵的主体部分。方城是过去盛京城的缅影。据考证，秦始皇陵的内埠和外郭，就是按秦都咸阳的规制建造的。如此看来，皇陵中的方城是都城的象征，以体现“事死如事生”的规制。

昭陵建筑布局除了遵循“中轴线”的陵寝规制，还遵循“前朝后寝”的陵寝原则。“前朝后寝”是我国传统的宫殿、院落组合形式，西周时就已出现，至今已有两千多年的历史了。北京故宫是严格按照“前朝后寝”格局设计的。太和殿、中和殿、保和殿(前三大殿)是皇帝升朝理政、举行重大典礼活动的地方，前三殿所在的地方为“前朝”部分。乾清门以北的乾清宫、交泰殿、坤宁宫及东西十二宫是皇帝及后妃们生活起居之所，这部分叫“后寝”。其实这种格局在家门大户之家也有所体现，往往把宅院的前部作为处理公务，接待宾客的地方，而把后部作为眷属活动居住的区域。

阳宅如此，作为阴宅的陵寝是否按“前朝后寝”的格局设计呢?古代历来有“事死如事生”的做法。所以陵寝是阴宅，也按阳宅一样，按“前朝后寝”格局设计。

对于陵寝来说，大殿、配殿所在院落为“前朝”，宝城、宝顶所在的院落为“后寝”，中间隔一道地宫门。

听完我介绍，大家请看，正前方这座气势非凡的殿宇建筑就是昭陵的正殿即隆恩殿。它位于方城内正中靠北的位置，是方城的中心建筑，是陵寝地面建筑中最重要建筑，它相当于汉唐陵寝中的献殿。即是用来供奉清太宗皇太极和皇后神牌的地方，也是举行朝祭大典的场所。在东西两侧还有配殿，即东配殿和西配殿，这三殿于顺治八年初建完成，是祭祀的重要场所。(东配殿)

我们先来看一看东配殿，东配殿是昭陵一座至关重要的场所，它的使用有两项：首先它是用来存放祝版和制帛的。所谓祝版和制帛这两件祭物是皇帝向0表达哀思和意愿的文书，是十分关键而重要的祭物。昭陵在每年举行大祭礼之前，盛京礼部要将祝版、制帛送到昭陵，暂时存放在此殿，第二天大祭时在隆恩殿月台上向神位宣读。其次，它是代替隆恩殿存放神位的。在清代祭陵被奉为国家大典，绝对不可稍有懈怠。每当正殿大修时，要将殿内供奉的太宗和孝端文皇后两座神牌由隆恩殿请到东配殿供奉，所有祭礼照常进行。虽东配殿窄小，但仍不失礼制。等到隆思殿竣工之后，再将神牌请回。恭请神牌是昭陵的一种大礼，皇帝要钦派盛京将军主持，其它人无资格随便请神牌。乾隆三十年，修昭陵隆恩殿和东配殿曾两次移动神牌，皇帝弘历直到工程竣工，神牌移回隆恩殿后才回京师。从这些足可以看出嗣皇帝对0的敬畏。所以说东配殿在陵寝中的地位仅次于隆恩殿。

现在东配殿陈列“皇太极史迹展览”，内有复制的太宗鹿角椅、龙袍等遗物。

(西配殿)

与东配殿相对建筑形式完全相同的就是西配殿。此殿是举行“忌辰”，行大祭礼时供1诵经作法超度亡灵的场所。殿内西墙上挂有九幅唐卡画像，还陈列有1衣裙袈裟等物品。唐卡画像是指悬挂在墙壁上的画像佛，即为西藏佛教特有的绘画艺术。它分宫庭唐卡和西藏唐卡两类。清政府奉行尊崇藏传佛教的宗教政策，体现了清中央政权与西藏地方政权的密切联系，这对于清政权的巩固有重大作用。清代崇信萨满教。谁知道萨满教?对了，萨满教就是以自然崇拜和多种信仰为特征的宗教信仰，其实就是“巫教”，因为国际上通用术语叫萨满教。位于我国边疆地区的蒙藏族民族，他们十分崇信1教，清统治者深刻认识到1教可以“易俗移风，裨助于王化，为益洪矣”(世宗语)。他们把1教看成是抚缓蒙1民，加强民主团结，巩固清朝统治的重要手段。所以清统治者也信1教，各种祭祀活动都少不了1的参予。在沈阳建实胜寺，清东陵建隆福寺，请西陵建永福寺，都是出于这个目的。据史书记载宸妃因深受太宗宠爱而垂名清史。在宸妃葬礼上，皇太极便派了不少1、道士以及萨满。昭陵也是如此，据档案记载，早在顺治年间建陵之初，这里便有叫“格龙”的1首领。可见，当时这里曾有一批从事祭祖的职业1。以后，不知从何时开始，昭陵忌辰大祭要从盛京实胜寺等处请1念经。这些制度一直延续到伪满洲国。1931年(民国二十年)，末代皇帝博仪为了祭天法祖，特派“御弟”博伟来沈“恭代”祭祖，请了实胜寺许多1念经作法。这次大祭显然是在国难当头，民怨沸腾的背景下举行的，但是他们仍然要“悉前祖制”。

西配殿除做为佛事之地，从不做它用。

(焚帛亭)

座落在隆恩殿西南像庙宇样式的小房子叫焚帛亭，又叫“燎炉”、焚帛炉。它是一座用汉白玉雕制的，正方形歇山式顶子，大脊正中有一火焰宝珠。花形山失下垂一个圆环，圆环四角各有一金钱。其它如螭吻、垂脊、瓦垅、勾头等全部是仿砖瓦及木结构雕刻的，形象十分逼真。亭子前面有屏风二扇门，门扇早已下落不明。东、西、北三面山墙，有透花窗棂，关闭无隙。亭子内为“火地”，火地的下部前后各有一钱形透气圆孔。亭子的下部是须弥座，座上雕有各式花纹。整个亭子造型比例适中，色调和谐，雍容华美，精巧细致，成为金碧辉煌陵寝建筑的一个点缀，十分惹人喜爱。

此亭是大祭时焚烧祝版、纸张及金银锞的地方。烧祭时主祭人要站在月台西南角的“望燎位”上观看，以尽孝道。这种仪式叫“望燎”。是祭扫的最后一道程序。大祭礼就是在这焚帛亭的烟火升腾及众1的哀嚎声中结束的。

(昭陵祭祀盛典概况)

为了让大家了解清代皇陵中举行最重要的典礼——祭礼，我先介绍一下昭陵祭礼的概况。祭礼是昭陵最重大，最繁琐的礼制活动。在清代，除展谒礼和清明敷土礼之外，所有重大祭礼典礼均在隆恩殿内举行。所以说隆思殿是祭礼的重要场所。

所谓“祭礼”，其本意是“以礼仪哀悼亡者”。《礼记》说：“凡治人之道，莫重于礼，礼有五经，莫重于祭”。就是说祭礼的核心是祭，其内容是“礼”。

中国封建统治者一向主张“圣天子孝先天下，首重山陵”他们把祭祖视为“关于大运之发祥”，“巩万载之金汤”，“开亿世之统绪”的大事，是“展孝报本”，“敬0祖”的实施。因此封建帝王对祭祖都十分重视。

清朝统治者入主中原后，学习汉人习俗，在历代王朝祭礼基础上，经过改革并融进了满族的特点，形成与历代不同的祭礼制。清朝皇帝对祭礼的重视程度与前朝帝王相比，有过之而无不及。他们认为自己的一切都是0给的，甚至连自己的命运都受0在天之灵的制约。基于这种观念，他们对祖先的陵墓、0遗迹、遗物，甚至包括世居的故乡都十分崇敬，特别是对盛京感情更为深厚。因为盛京是大清开国的“龙兴”之地。从顺治开始就曾经策划东巡祭祖，因为顺治皇帝六岁时，也就是崇德八年(1643年)八月在盛京故宫大政殿即位后，于第二年八月，迁都北京，就离开了他生长的地方。在他长大成人后，十分眷恋故土，多次提出回盛京祭祖，敬瞻0开国旧迹。有一次甚至已准备好，不久即可祭祖。然而终因国势不宁未能如愿。从此失去机遇，抱憾终生。康熙皇帝比其父亲来说，要幸运的多。康熙十年，当他还是一位“少年天子”的时候，率先回到他梦寐中的盛京，亲祭祖陵。从此开辟清代一项“东巡”定制。康熙皇帝本人曾四次东巡盛京，其中一次由雍亲王恭代;乾隆皇帝亦步亦趋，也效法祖父四次东巡;嘉庆皇帝在位二十五年中，巡幸盛京两次;道光皇帝在位期间正处清朝国势日下，列强侵犯频频，但仍行～次东巡盛典，并从此为这项盛典画上了句号。

清帝东巡的主要目的就是祭祀0山陵，其祭扫场面最盛大，礼制最隆重。皇帝亲祭昭陵一般分为二天举行，第一大举行“展谒礼”，晚上住在留都宫殿，也就是盛京故宫。第二天举行大飨礼。两种祭礼不同。

展谒礼是皇帝穿素服，直接到宝项前面的石祭台前向山陵奠酒和哀哭，与民间到祖坟哭拜的意思相似。大飨礼是皇帝穿朝服在谒陵的第二天举行，地点在隆恩殿。

清代皇陵祭礼名目繁多，从规模上分，有大祭小祭;从节气上分有清明、中元、冬至、岁暮;还有帝后的忌辰祭。这样，每年要举行七次大祭。皇陵祭礼，繁文得节，名目之多，等级森严，兴师动众，糜费惊人。

(隆恩殿)

为了让大家了解隆恩殿，我刚才介绍了昭陵祭祀概况，下面我们就看一看昔日清朝四位皇帝曾10次亲临昭陵举行隆重祭扫大典的隆思殿。

隆恩殿又称“享殿”。崇德八年八月草创，顺治七年十一月定名隆恩殿，同时悬挂牌匾，康熙三十年改建，现在大家看到的是改建后的规模。

大家请看，隆恩殿的大台基。这里有三路踏跺，中路为丹陛御路，俗称“龙道”，是由一块长5.5米，宽近2米的巨石铺成。巨石浮雕“寿山福海”及“双龙戏珠”图案，寓意帝后和美，福祚绵长。当时任何人都不准在上面行走。

隆恩殿是一座单檐歇山式建筑。殿檐下有蓝地金字的“隆恩殿”牌额一块，从左至有以汉满蒙三种文字书写，殿以隆恩命名是表示感恩爱福之意。隆恩殿共有三间，进深两间，周围出廊，共有廊柱20根环殿而立。殿内无天花棚，梁架裸露，上面施以旋于彩画。这种作法称作“彻上明造”，是关外清早期建筑特点。殿内中间有一大暖阁，又称寝宫或神阁。阁内有宝床，帷幔、衾枕等卧具，阁的上方用黄云缎置项，名叫“披庐帽”。大暖阁里有一小暖阁，又叫佛龛，里面供放着帝后的神牌。在大暖阁前还有帝后的龙凤纹宝座，大祭时将神牌从暖阁中移至宝座上接受祭享。宝座前设有供桌，用来摆放祭品。供桌前有五只圆几，几上摆放珐琅香炉、烛台和花瓶五种供器一套，上面插有用铁片制成的“灵芝”及“万年松花”，又叫金银花钗。这批五供是乾隆四十年由北京内务府制造时。供案两侧有配案、配椅，配案上有五供等祭具。此外还有朝灯六只。

隆恩殿建在高6尺的合基上，台基为仰莲须弥式，平地起台是满族的一种风俗。大家可能发现这座月台还铺有许多名贵石料，对了。看，隆恩殿门檐下铺设的翡翠玉石一块，石长6尺，宽3尺，厚度因埋在地下不得而知。玉石是淡黄色，半透明，中间还夹杂着淡绿色及白色斑块。色彩斑澜，十分好看。此石是祭祀时主祭宫向神牌跪拜之处。康熙、乾隆、嘉庆和道光这四位皇帝东巡祭祖均在此跪拜。古人称此石为“翡翠玉拜石”。清同治年刊《陪都纪略》有诗云：“翡翠玉拜石，当年国富修，美玉非为宝，一善壮宏猷。”翡翠是很名贵的宝石，其价值甚至超过黄金。翡翠玉石我国很少出产，世界上也只有极少数国家出产。特别是像这样巨大的翡翠更是罕见。曾经有位欧美国家人士前来参观时说，此石是难得之品，价值连城。令人得以告慰的是，它避开了近百年的无数次战乱而今仍安然无恙。翡翠玉拜石前面的台阶，是由三块“白宝石”铺成，它与普通汉白玉不同，石质润泽，宝光四射，也是石中上品。台基的护栏也是由一种叫“青金石”的贵重石料雕刻而成，石料虽青色，里面间或有许多黄自色大小不等的颗粒。《陪都记略》赞此石：“北陵龙来远，平洋第一丘。皇栏杆色润，青金石阶周”。还有，大家请看月台地砖，均为“金矿石”，石中有许多金粒，在阳光照射下，大家不妨找一找金光闪闪的金沙。在清代陵寝中，用这些名贵宝石修建陵寝，恐怕是独一无二的。这是昭陵的一大特色。也表明后嗣皇帝对开国皇帝皇太极的无限崇敬之情。

大家随我走下隆恩殿的台阶，请看“龙头瀑布”。它建在月台的四个角上，龙头巨口大开，为排水口，每逢暴雨，雨水便会从龙嘴喷涌而出，甚为壮观，成为昭陵一景。

这座隆恩殿要介绍的实在是太多，请大家边走边看月台墙壁，须弥座台基图案，异常美丽，从上往下分六层雕刻：第一层是连珠纹;第二层是由卷叶花组成的须弥座上枋;第三层是仰莲瓣组成的上袅;第四层是由卷叶花组成的柬腰;第五层是俯莲瓣组成的下枭;第六层是由唇形小花组成的下枋。整个隆恩殿月台栏板、栏柱、宝瓶云拱、望柱头、抱鼓石等部位都雕刻得十分细腻，图案有蔓草、卷叶花及石榴等纹饰，娓丽流畅，抒卷自如。富丽华美，是昭陵除石牌坊之外的又一件大型石雕艺术珍品，这在关内明清诸陵中也是不多见的，有浓厚的地方色彩，在建筑艺术上有着不可低估的价值，深受中外雕刻艺术家和建筑师们的赞扬。

还有隆恩殿两侧，各有四棵松树。据说，这是八旗大臣在护卫着隆恩殿，有文东武西之称。早些年这八棵松树参天蔽日，苍劲挺拔，后又枯死。如今是近些年栽的。

(二柱门与石祭台)

现在请大家随我到隆恩殿后面观看石柱门及石五供，石柱门也叫照牌。因为门两侧有二根三丈高的方形石柱，所以又叫二柱门。在古代只有皇帝陵内才可以设置石柱门。我们现在看到的这座石柱门，是在嘉庆年间增设的。石五供是一组十分精美的石雕作品。五供上雕刻着云、龙、兽面纹。祭台上雕刻八宝、暗八宝以及柿子、如意、净瓶等各种吉祥图案。寓意把所有宝物奉献给陵主，祝愿陵主事事如意、平平安安。香炉的炉顶，花瓶内的花和烛台上的蜡均为石制，虽不能实用，但它却象征着皇陵香烟永旺，神火不灭，仙花常开。长眠于地宫内的帝后时刻都在饱纳着后代子孙的供养。

石五供虽然是象征性的，没有实用价值，但它所处的位置却十分重要的。每次皇帝到昭陵举行祭扫的前一大，都要在石五供前举行展谒礼，奠酒、行礼、举哀，随驾王公大臣站在隆恩殿两边，根本不能走近石五供。

大家请往上看，在两根石柱顶上，各雕着一个座南朝北的石鲁，形似狗，圆头夹目，而且都用铁链子锁着，这是为什么呢?因为传说陵寝的地宫门就在石祭台下面，这两只石鲁就是护卫陵寝的，人们叫它护陵兽。

(月牙城)

请大家跟随我穿过券洞门参观月牙城。月牙城在大明楼之后，因为它的形状如同一弯新月，故名“月牙城”。在我们视线正前方是硫璃照壁，照壁上有枝叶繁茂，象征着昂贵的牡丹花，共有13朵，中间九朵，四个角各一朵，绿叶红花，给这座高大空旷的月牙城增添了几分生气。从照壁下向南的地面上有一段神道，这是全陵神道的起点，也是终点。院里两端各有一座砖砌的转向蹬道，拾级而上，可达明楼和宝项。

传说，朝秘的地宫人口处就在华丽的照壁后面，为防止有人盗墓，在地富人口处安装有许多暗器，暗器的机关就装在照壁上面。照壁上那些图案说不定那就是它的开关，谁若是不小心动了它，地宫里的毒药飞箭就会飞出来……，也有人说这里叫“哑巴院”，当年修陵时怕陵工出去泄露地宫秘密，地宫封闭之后，便将陵工们集中到月牙城内，强迫每个人吃上一种药，陵工们从此全都不会说话;还有人说皇上怕陵工泄密，当他们将棺椁抬进地宫之后，立刻把地宫人口堵死，将所有陵工活活封在地宫里边殉葬等等。这些传说的确使人感到月牙城阴森可怖。

其实，从清东陵几座已经发掘过的清代皇陵地宫看，上述传说都是不存在的。这座照壁只是起着美化装饰作用，它是遮挡着券洞门入口处隧道券脸的券砖，如果没有这座照壁，月牙城就更显得死气沉沉了。月牙城是陵寝建筑布局中方城与宝城之间出现的一个特殊空间，利用这里蹬道可上下方城和宝城。另外，在陵寝中最重要、最神秘的地方莫过于地宫了。它是陵寝的心脏。官书对皇陵建筑以及典章制度并不隐讳，唯独地宫内例外。地宫内幕官书讳莫如深，听以引出许多稀奇古怪的传说和不经之谈。地宫人口究竟在哪，只有将来发掘昭陵地官方可验证。

(明楼)

请大家跟我到城上观明楼，明楼是陵墓的标志，置于方城之上，是太宗文皇帝的碑楼。请大家猜一猜明楼的建筑属于哪一种呢?它是重檐歇山式建筑，明楼前檐挂有匾额，1“昭陵”二字，满文星为“光耀之陵”，以满蒙汉三种文体书写。大家再看每层四个檐角上都有一群蹲兽，它们活灵活现，栩栩如生，犹如一排大空天将护卫着明楼。有谁知道它们是怎么回事?好，我告诉大家。在建筑学上，这些建筑构件叫“仙人走兽”。民间有这样一句话，看你清闲得“屋脊六兽”似的，指的就是它们。仙人走兽的数目、名称、顺序都是固定的，但实际使用根据建筑物的等级、档次，其数目不定。有三、有五，也有七或九。在领头的仙人后面依次为：龙、凤、狮、天马、海马、狻猊、押鱼、獬豸、斗牛、行什。其中龙能兴云布雨;凤为百鸟之王;狮是群兽之首;天马和海马均为神话中的吉祥动物;狻猊形如狮，为龙生九号之五，其性好望，故也蹲座于此;押鱼海中异兽;獬豸可断善恶;斗牛为虬龙类可以兴雨灭火。由此可见，仙人走兽表面上起到装饰宫殿的作用，其实寓意天下统一，八方来朝，利用猛兽的威严，增强宫殿的庄严气氛，并有火除灾害，剪除1的含义。除此之外，它还有其实用的一面，即用于防止屋顶脊坡瓦城的渗漏。所以，仙人走兽的应用是功能与艺术的结合。明楼在昭陵中是等级最高的建筑。因此，明楼的走兽是最多的，共有七个。使用十一个仙人走兽的建筑在全国屈指可数，北京故宫也只有太和殿一处。

好，下面我们看明楼内。楼内立有一块用汉白玉制成的墓碑，碑高约6米，碑额浮雕二龙戏珠，碑身用汉、满、蒙文镌刻着“太宗文皇帝之陵”的字样，满文正中，蒙文在左，汉字在右，碑石表面原用朱沙涂成红色，碑文描金，碑身四周刻有游龙纹。此外还雕琢各种花纹，并涂成红、黄、白、蓝、绿五色，十分鲜艳。此碑又叫“圣号碑”或“谥号牌”，即刻写太宗“庙号”及“谥号”的碑。所谓庙号，是皇帝死后升入太庙奉妃的排列名号，此法以太祖列中，以下各辈按左昭右穆顺序排列。什么是昭穆呢?据《辞源》介绍：“古代宗法制度，宗庙或墓地的辈次排列，以始祖居中，二世、四世、六世位于始祖的左方，称昭;三世、五世、七世位于右方，称穆。简而言之，昭穆就是宗庙和坟地的左右位次，左为昭，右为穆。由此，太祖的“左昭”为“太宗”，所以“太宗”便成为皇太极的“庙号”。“谥号”为何意?对了，那位先生答出来了。谥号就是对皇太极一生功德以高度概括的言辞。人死了，才有谥号，一个人得什么谥号，生前是不知道的。《逸周书·谥法解》说：“谥者，行之迹也。号者，功之表也”。另外谥号要由嗣皇帝“尊上”，第三代、四代皇帝继位后再加谥词。因此，皇帝的谥法字数很多，一般都在二十字以上。皇太极谥号全称是：“应天兴国弘德彰武宽温仁圣睿孝敬敏昭定隆道显功文皇帝”共二十五个字。可是，一般称呼起来，只是取后面三个字。所以皇太极的谥号简称为“文皇帝”。“文”字在谥法上含有“经天纬地”、“修德来远”、“慈惠爱民”等含义。圣号碑与神功圣德碑一样也是由嗣皇帝来写。然而，据《清圣祖仁皇帝实录》记载，此碑立于康熙三年(1664年)，所以它不是由顺治，而是出自于康熙皇帝手笔。虽然神功圣德碑碑文可以让文臣撰写和书丹，而此碑当是康熙皇帝亲书。

明楼建于康熙四年，是昭陵的最高建筑，可以俯视昭陵全景，可是“树大遭风”，历史上呈几次受雷火袭击，于乾隆四十六年(1781年)重建，最严重的一次是1936年伪满时期，整个明楼几乎被雷火烧毁。大家请看碑，纹饰己不全了，碑身出现裂痕，只好用三道铁箍加固。现在大家见到的明楼是1939年重修的。

(宝城和宝顶)

大家现在站的对面就是宝城、宝顶和月牙城。宝城也叫“团城”，建于康熙五年(1666年)，中间突起的圆形坟堆就是宝顶。下面就是地宫，宝城的城墙上建有垛口和女儿墙，形如小城，所以叫宝城。月牙城与方城紧紧相连接，因其南面凹进，呈月牙形而得名。宋朝文学家苏轼有诗云：“人有悲欢离合，月有阴晴圆缺”皇帝死了也是一缺，所以用凹字象形月缺。

在封建社会里，皇陵是皇权的物化之地，地宫更充满了神秘色彩。它建于康熙二年(1663年)。关于地宫的传说，三十年代出版的《北陵志略》就搜集到一段有关地宫的说法：“相传，宝顶内有正殿一根，名为享殿。配殿西楹，排列祭器。梓棺在正殿之后，两旁有石柱二根，用铁链将棺悬在空间，下有井一眼，水流不息，名为金并。所谓皇帝用金并御葬是也”等等。这些传说，至今沈阳老者仍有耳熟能详者。其实，不过是道听途说。史料证明，入关前的满族民风淳厚，崇尚俭朴，火化是满族的传统旧俗。从康熙帝的景陵起不再火化，将棺椁葬入地宫。所以，皇太极和皇后遗体均实行火葬，地宫内葬的只能是骨灰瓶，不存在什么棺椁。所谓“金井”也不是终年水流不止的“井”，而只不过是风水先生确定地宫穴位时留下的标记，它只是一个深不过十几厘米的小坑而已。

清东陵经过对乾隆皇帝地宫内幕的考察得知，地宫规模宏大，精美豪华。但昭陵的地宫结构不会像乾隆地宫那样宠大和复杂，也不会有太多的随葬品，因为大量的随葬品在火化遗体时已经随之焚毁。当然其内部装饰也不如清盛时乾隆地宫豪华，具体如何，有待今后发掘地宫时才见分晓。

大家都看到了巨大的宝顶尖上，不偏不倚长着一棵榆树。我揣测不少人心中已产生疑问，好，我来告诉大家。为效法祖陵——永陵，昭陵不知从何时起，在宝顶上也栽上一棵榆树。关于榆树，满族民间流传着许多有趣的故事。其中，流传最广，影响最大的莫过于下面这段故事。

一天，皇太极的父亲努尔哈赤经过长途跋涉，来到一棵大榆树下休息。他把背上的父母骨灰匣解下来，放在这棵榆树的树权上，然后就到旅店住宿去了。第二天早早起来，来取骨灰匣时，竟然发现地上的土上长没过树权，把骨灰匣给埋上了。他扒开土，想把骨灰匣拿出来，无论如何也拿不起来，就像长在树权上一样。他又找来一把大斧，猛砍树杈，每砍一斧，就从树的被砍处往外流血浆，树的“伤口”又很快长好如初。努尔哈赤感到十分惊奇，认为这是一棵神树，是上帝向他暗示这里是安葬他父母的风水宝地。于是他顺从天意，用土把树权上的骨灰匣重新埋好，做好标记，并在这里住下来，安营扎塞，开始招兵买马，起兵创业。后来他就在这棵树的地方建起了永陵。

这是一段不经的传闻，意在宣扬“君权神授”、“受命于大”。而且几乎历代王朝崛起之际均有类似传说相伴。清朝统治者意在美化、神化自己，才有“神榆”之说。

乾隆十九年(1754年)，博学多才的弘历皇帝第二次东巡祭祖永陵，御书《神树赋》一篇。乾隆四十三年(1778年)，第三次祭祖永陵，忆起二十四年前写的《神树赋》，感慨颇深，于是命人将《神树赋》刻于石碑，第二年此碑刻成。〈神树赋》将此榆树寓意大清龙脉，风水攸关，对它极为重视。据说，盛京将军每月要向皇帝就神榆的保护情况奏报一次，从三十年代拍摄昭陵宝顶照片来看，仍可见到这棵神榆，八十年代初整个宝顶己为树冠覆盖，大约在八十年代末，神榆生长老化枯死。如今这棵新榆树也有二十来年了，是昭陵绿化班师付亲自栽上去的。

(隆业山)

清朝有一个传统做法，就是把每处陵区所靠依的山峰都赐一个很吉祥的名字，叫起来，很顺耳好听，似乎这样就会使大清江山社稷长治久安。

隆业山于顺治八年(1651年)堆成，同年封名隆业山。山高20米，东西长503米。《清实录》顺治八年六月条载：以永陵为启运山，福陵为天柱山，昭陵为隆业山。“隆”字据《礼记·檀弓上》记载：“道隆则从而隆，道污则从而污”。隆业寓意大清王业兴隆昌盛。

隆业山在宝城身后，此山是人工堆积起来的土山，“子山午向”，取正南亚北方位。细看山上结“九峰”，以中间主峰最高，其左右各有四个突起点，东西走向，其两端各向南弯屈，形如弯月，似如卧龙。此所谓“龙蟠凤翥”之势。

隆业山的建筑是出于“风水”的需要。按古代相术说法，一块好的风水宝地至少要具备“前有沼，后有靠”的条件。所谓“沼”就是河流，“靠”是山。而昭陵这块地方接风水条件来看，并不算好，因为此处是一望无垠的平原，无山可靠。即造此地为太宗万年吉地，只好来个变通——采取“人造风水”，弥补不足。于是调集大批旗、民，修造此山。为避免破坏陵地风水，堆山之土石必须用“客土’，即不准就地取土，取土要到几里开外的地方，当时又无机械，挖土、运土全部依靠车拉、人担、堆积如此宠大的土山，其工程之艰巨可想而知。《盛京通志》称，其山源出自长白山西鹿，由长白而永陵启运山，由启运山而福陵天柱山，由天柱山而昭陵隆业山，一脉相承，直到沈阳以西塔湾而止。这条脉系被称为“龙冈”。这些皆为御用文人为说明其风水编造的溢美之词。

隆业山历经三百多年的风剥雨蚀，已经低矮许多，但对昭陵整体布局来说，仍不失特色。对了，大家若有兴致在白雪皑皑的冬季来看隆业山，那山上的“九峰”变清晰可见，真是壮观极了。

(陵松)

大家今天从昭陵正门一直参观到宝顶，漫漫数里的松树，它是昭陵的另一特色，是昭陵活的历史文物，据统计现存古松有二千余棵，松龄达三百多年。这些苍翠的陵松与黄瓦红墙共同构成了昭陵的壮丽景观。象昭陵这样大的古松丛林，是全国古陵墓中所罕见的。

昭陵的古松是顺治八年(1651年)7月开始种植的，顺治十四年(1657年)5月，又补植一些树苗。

据《大清会典》记载：陵松有“山松”、“海松”、“仪松”及“荡松”之称。山松是指隆业山的松树;海松是指风水红墙以外的松树;仪松是指神道两侧如同大臣垂手恭立的松树;荡树是指风水红墙以里的十分整齐，横竖有序的松树。朝庭对松树管理十分严格，均有档案记载。对于枯死、倒伏的松树，本陵寝衙门无权处理，要报告给盛京将军，由盛京派人与昭陵总管一起到现场，在其盛京来人监督下，才方可砍掉。对乱砍陵树的都予以重刑。

这些树苗来自辽南的千山，名叫油松，因为此松属常绿乔木，生命力特别旺盛，对环境适应性强，各种气候下均能生长，寿命也很长，一般都能存活数百年以上。

封建皇帝对陵树如此重视，是因为它显示着封建等级制度，并且对皇陵的保护也有重要的实用价值。据说从秦汉以后，松树便被视为地位等级最高的树种了。《太平御览》称：“天子树松，诸侯树柏，卿大夫树杨，士树榆，尊卑差也”。松树所以受到特殊的礼遇，是因为它长青不止，可以“与天齐其长，与地等其久”。而帝运长久，江山永固是一切封建统治者所梦寐以求的理想。由此，松树也分外受到统治者青睐。

(方城)

现在给大家介绍一下方城，方城是一座古城堡建筑。建成于顺治八年，它的四个角各建一座角楼，角楼均为两层，歇山式建筑，角楼上有一宝葫芦，寓意“陵寝平平安安”，在角楼的檐下悬有风铃，主要防止鸟雀栖息。方城上设有马道，道宽5.4米，大家是否注意到，它的路面是由外向里倾斜，似乎不太科学，但如按民间“肥水不流外人田”的说法，就很容易理解皇帝死后，也不愿财水外流的良苦用心了。

有人会问皇太极是怎么死的?据史书记载，皇太极是“无疾而终”。死前没出现过什么病症，逝世当天，还召见一些1。据分析，他最终可能死于中风，终年52岁。皇太极死后，根据满族人习俗，先进行火葬，然后再土葬。

(结束语)

走在古城堡上，目睹硕大肃穆的宝顶，扑面而来的历史气息，仿佛瞬间空气都凝固了，使人心理不寒而栗，耳边似乎回荡起着日皇太极勇猛征战，挥戈战戟的呼啸嘶杀声，脑海中反复模拟出当年皇太极率领八旗铁骑叱咤风云的威猛雄姿和壮观场面。戎马一生，征战南北，赫赫有名的马背皇帝皇太极已被世人千古传颂，成为历史的匆匆过客。然而，聪明智慧的劳动人民却用血汗筑成了华夏壮美雄伟的艺术皇宫，用神来之笔写下了中华文明史上辉煌的篇章，使我们从中领悟到悠久的中华民族历史文化的魅力。

告诉大家一个消息，清东陵己于20__年11月30日被世界联合国教科文组织批准为世界遗产，我们清昭陵也正在积极申报，修整陵园。在不久的将来，也会列入世界遗产行列，到那时，希望朋友们再来!

清昭陵的参观到此结束，有讲解不当之处请批评指正，谢谢大家!

游客朋友们：

大家好!昭陵，因为位于沈阳市的北郊，所以又称为北陵，是清朝第二代皇帝清太宗皇太极和孝端文皇后博尔挤吉特氏的陵墓，是清朝“关外三陵”中规模最大、气势最宏伟的一座，也是我过现存最完整的古代帝王陵墓建筑群之一。

皇太极是清太祖努尔哈赤的第八个儿子，出生于现在的辽宁省抚顺市新宾县永陵镇。他是历史上著名的政治家、军事家，一生勤于政事，勇于战阵，在位17年，完成了东北统一大业，建立起关东一统的大清帝国。崇德八年，也就是公历1643年的八月初九深夜，在沈阳故宫的清凝宫东屋南炕上“端坐无疾而终”，享年52岁。死后的梓棺移至陵寝暂安。顺治六年也就的公元1649年四月十七日，孝端文皇后博尔济吉特氏四去，第二年梓棺移至昭陵与皇太极合葬。

昭陵建于崇德八年即1643年，竣工于顺治八年即1651年，以后历经多次改建和增修而形成现在的规模。在建筑风格上，昭陵既吸取了明陵的建筑长处，又具有满足陵寝建筑的特点，是汉满文化交融的典范。昭陵占地面积45万平方米，平面布局遵循“前朝后寝”的原则，自南向北由前、中、后三部分组成，其主要建筑都建在一条中轴线上，两侧建筑采取对称形式分布，中轴线的最后面是全部建筑的主体。现在我们就按照由南向北的顺序进行参观游览，首先是第一部分。

古代皇陵都有各自的名号，这些陵号的来源，或体现对皇帝一生功业的总结和赞誉，或者是带有吉祥和祝福的含义。

清代陵名一般由嗣皇帝钦定。其次，清代还有一项制度，如果遇到陵名与地名重复时清昭陵，必须将地名换掉，这叫避讳。可见，帝王陵名是极其神圣的。

昭陵一名是顺治元年八月初九太宗驾崩一周年火化校宫时确定的。昭陵陵名的来历前人有两种不同解释，一种解释认为是仿效唐太宗李世民的昭陵，另一种解释说与古代昭穆制度有关。提出清昭陵仿唐昭陵者是乾隆皇帝。他在东巡盛京祭扫昭陵时表达了这个见解。其实，这不过是乾隆的附会之言 ，昭陵在定名时正是大清刚刚打败李自成农民起义军占据北京，此时明朝及李自成仍有很强势力，鹿死谁手尚难定论，很难想像有把清太宗与唐太宗相提并列的必要。乾隆皇帝所以把清太宗与唐太宗并列在于他政治的需要 ，李世民被历代统治一者奉为帝王楷模，他在位二十三年，礼贤下士，纳谏兼听，国富民强，史称其时代为“贞观之治”，为盛唐时期经济文化的高度发展奠定了基础。乾隆把今祖与李世民相提并论旨在告慰世人，大清江山也会如同汉唐一样会出现一代新的盛世。

其次，说到昭陵出自昭穆制度的说法也欠妥当。昭穆是古代宗法制度，此制用于墓葬的排列顺序以及大庙种位的排列9其法以祖宗位居正中，其它各辈分按左昭右穆顺序依次类推。盛京有永、福、昭三座陵墓，其中一永演为祖陵，地位最高，福陵次之，昭陵排列第三。如果按昭穆制度排列，永陵应在正中，福陵在其左(东)称为昭，昭陵在其右称为“穆”。而现行永福昭三陵，永陵在最东，福陵在中，昭陵在西，三座陵寝根本构不成昭穆关系。

昭陵的名可能是出于对“昭”字含义本身的选择。古人以昭字作“彰明”、“显扬”解。昭陵陵名的含义就是将太宗文德武功彰明于世.并使之显扬了后的含义，大至不过如此。